**2.10** *Xysmalobium undulatum*

*Xysmalobium undulatum* (**Figure 11**) also known as Uzara wild cotton and milk bush, belongs to the family *Apocynaceae* [67–70]. Genus *Xysmalobium* is endemic to Africa and there are about 18 plant species occurring in SA [67]. Uzara is used traditionally to treat respiratory symptoms such as headaches (**Table 1**) and other disease conditions including, diarrhea, stomach cramps, afterbirth cramps, dysmenorrhea, wounds, sores, abscesses, and hysteria and has a diuretic effect [68]. Uzarin and its isomers allouzarin, xysmalorin, and alloxysmalorin are the main compounds isolated from Uzara [67]. Pharmacological activities of Uzara include antidiarrheal and antidepressant [68]. Uzarin (**Table 2**) was identified as the potential inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNAdependent RNA polymerase, and it showed favorable docking score of −3.5 kcal/mol in a molecular docking study conducted from the list of South African TMPs [19].
