**1. Introduction**

By 2050, the world's population is predicted to reach over 10 billion people; more than half of this increase will occur in Africa, resulting in an additional 1.3 billion people on the continent. As a result, more people will need to be nourished in the next decades, and more food and vaccines will be required around the world than previously. The

**Figure 1.** *Datura stramonium. a: Datura plant (leaves and flowers); b: D. stramonium Plant (leaves and fruit).*

phytochemical and ethnopharmacological properties of the Jimson plant have always piqued people's curiosity [1]. The genus has 14 species of annual herbs and perennial shrubs ranging in height from 1 to 1.5 meters, with straight stems, thorny fruits, foulsmelling leaves, and highly scented trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom at the stem forks [2]. *Datura* plants thrive in nitrogen-rich soils and soils that have been disturbed by human activity, such as agricultural soils, roadsides, and animal pens [3]. Steroids, phenolic compounds, fatty acids, with anolides, and lactones are the most common components; however, the genus is best recognized for producing tropane-type alkaloids [4]. Therefore, this chapter aims to identify the main phytochemical components isolated from the Jimson weed (*Datura stramonium*) and describe their activity against biopesticides and medicinal effect, with an emphasis on the relevant literature.
