**Abstract**

Medicinal plant sellers primarily rely on trading medicinal plants at various medicinal plant markets as a source of income. Statistically, approximately 4000 tons of medicinal plant material is estimated to be used for medicinal plant purposes yearly. At the same time, the country is having to lose important medicinal plant species such as Warburgia salutaris. Notably, rising rates of unemployment have, additionally, facilitated the harvesting of medicinal plants for selling purposes as an alternative source of livelihood across many communities. The researcher had to intervene with capacity building om sustainable harvesting of medicinal plants. This chapter presents the challenges of propagating medicinal plants and compares indigenous and scientific ways of propagating selected medicinal plant species.

**Keywords:** medicinal plants, livelihoods, indigenous, propagation, marketing
