*Medicinal Plants*

*Detailed Pharmacognostical Standardization Studies on* Calotrophis Procera *(Aiton) Dryand… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104549*

extracts. N-butanol, ethyl acetate and acetone extracts gave positive tests for alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides and terpenoids. Hexane extract showed only for terpenoids. Hydro alcoholic extract showed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Tannins, and Glycosides. Methanolic extract showed the presence of Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Phenols, Tannins, Flavonoids, Proteins and Glycosides (**Table 5**).

### **4. Conclusion**

This plant species is available in overall tropical and subtropical countries, standardization of crude drug work is the primary reference to do further step. Herbal Drugs are useful for different ailments in different countries. Pharmacognostical, Preliminary Phytochemical evaluation studies provide us a basis to establish the quality protocols of any medicinal herbs. In the Introduction part, we described about the species of plant, macroscopical, microscopical, preliminary phytochemical, ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis are the main tools to identify the purity, presence and absence of certain chemical groups in a herbal drug. Pharmacognostic studies are mainly useful for quality of a herbal drugs [15]. Breakthroughs and Innovations of *Calotropis procera* is mainly useful for insecticidal, antimalarial antiviral, antimicrobial, analgesic, antifertility, antitumor, antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrhoeal, anticonvulsant, oestrogenic, antidiabetic and anthelmintic activity etc. reported. In Andhra Pradesh state in India no pharmacognostic research work was established. So, this work is a primary and important for further studies. *Calotropis procera* is helpful for establishing the correct identification of a plant and the plant will be main tool for standardization, characterization and identification of *Calotropis procera* fruit. The plant is also helpful for the other research studies.

## **Acknowledgements**

I thank to Prof. P. Jayaraman (Plant Anatomy Research Centre (PARC), helped me a lot when I worked on microscopical study. Prof B. Ganga Rao was given me a permission to do my research in Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Laboratory, AU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Prof. SC Mandal and Dr. Radha Rayi, reviewer for comments on before draft of the manuscript and they helped me a lot to do this work and I thank to Dr. Babu Gajji was given me a lot of support to carry out my research.

### **Funding**

This research work is one of my part of P. D. F research work and was fully funded under the grant number File No: PDF-SS-2015 – AND – 2017 10498 by University Grants Commission, New Delhi.

### **Conflicts of interests**

Conflicts of interest is none.
