**6.14 Other activities**

Study shows the hydro-ethanolic, n-hexane and chloroform extracts of root of *A. aspera* were found to be effective for sperm immobilization, sperm validity and nuclear chromatin decondensation [66]. It has been demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of root of *A. aspera*plant exhibits post coital antifertility effect in female albino rats. According to their experimental study, the ethanolic extract of *A. aspera* at a dose 200 mg/kg showed 83.3% anti-implantation effect [67]. The methanolic extract of leaves of *A. aspera* is responsible for cancer chemo protective action. It is consisting of different chemical constituents, including alkaloid, non-alkaloid and saponins. It is demonstrated that the methanolic extract of *A. aspera* allow nephroprotective activity against lead acetate induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats [68]. The research showed that ethanolic extract of *A. aspera* produce broncho-protective effect against toluene diisocyanate induced occupational asthma in wistar rats. In this the total and differential leucocytes count was carried out in blood and bronchoalveolar fluid. It is revealed that *A. aspera* treated rats did not show any airway abnormality [69]. Acyranthine, it is water soluble constituent of *Acyrantes aspera* which decreased blood pressure and heart rate. It is also responsible dilation of blood vessels and increased the rate and amplitude of respiration in dogs and frogs. The contractile effect of acyranthine alkaloid was found to be at 0.5 mg/ml on frog rectus abdominal muscle was less than that of acetylcholine (0.1 mg/ml) [33]. It is exhibited that the petroleum ether extract of *A. aspera*at a dose 200 mg/kg shows protective effect against allergic reaction in both milk induced leukocytosis and milk induced eosinophilia in mice. The antiallergic activity of *A. aspera* was found to be due to the presence of steroids such as β-sitosterol, ecdysone and ecdysterone [70]. It is demonstrated that the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of *A. aspera* used for wound healing activity. The wound healing activity was carried out by using two experimental wound models, first is excision wound model and second is incision wound model [71]. It has been demonstrated that stem extract of *A. aspera* shows anti-plasmodial effect [72].
