**4.2 Discussions regarding biodiversity of black pepper**

The diversity of plant-derived medicinal constituents assists in a plenty of ways to enrich our research for instances in drug design and development. My current research was focused on merely to explore the free radical scavenger; however, my theoretical research through existing research article has claimed that piperine (crystal material) may exist in a lot of medicinal plants such as *Piper longum*, *Piper officinarum* rather than *Piper nigrum* (black pepper) also [45, 46].

Besides the antioxidant capability of piperine, the existing research has mentioned that it has a cluster of pharmacological implications also, which actually introduce the biodiversity of the piperine found in black pepper.

Li S, Wang C *et al.,* 2007 show that piperine could be effective against corticosterone-mediated depression.

Taqvi SI, Shah AJ *et al.,* 2008 have identified antihypertensive effect of piperine. Bang JS, oh da H *et al.,* 2009 have observed that piperine found in black pepper may exhibit both antiarthritic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Manoharan S, Balakrishnan S *et al.,* 2009 have found that probably the piperine of *piper nigrum* has anticancer activity.

Parganiha R, Verma S *et al.,* 2011 invented that *Piper nigrum* may have in vitro antiasthmatic activity.

Hussain A, Naz S *et al.,* 2011 found that piperine may enhance saliva and pancreatic enzyme secretion, thereby accelerating the digestion process by reducing gastric emptying time.

Kumar KP, Vanaja M *et al.,* 2014 have explored that the leaf and stem of *piper nigrum* might possess antibacterial coverage against plant microorganisms.
