**2.3 The anticancer effect of** *G. biloba* **kernel extract**

*G. biloba* kernels called Baiguo in China are the main edible part of the seed, which consist of endosperm and embryo [48]. Ginkgo kernel is consumed as a delicious food in China, Japan and Korea after grilled or boiled [49]. Ginkgo kernels contain 60–70% starch, 10–20% protein, 2–4% lipids, 0.8–1.2% pectin, and about 6% sucrose [50, 51]. Raw or cooked the ginkgo kernel has been shown to cause allergic reactions or death [52]. The medicinal value of ginkgo kernel was overlooked. A few studies shed light to the anticancer effect of kernel. The medicinal value of ginkgo kernel was overlooked. A few studies shed light to the anticancer effect of kernel [53]. However, the role of total G. biloba kernel extract on anticancer was reported recently. A study firstly reported that *G. biloba* kernel extracts exhibited cytotoxic effects in colon cancer and melanoma, characterized by inhibiting cancer cells proliferation and vitality [54]. Melanoma cells are more sensitive to kernel extracts. Meantime, the cytotoxic effect was not found in normal cell line McCoy-Plovdive. However, the anticancer effect of kernel extract needs to be observed in other cancer types, and the molecular mechanism remains to be observed in detail in future.
