**3. Ethnobiology of** *C. spinarum*

This section will analyse the available indigenous knowledge regarding the cultural role of *C. spinarum* across the multiple reported domains. It begins with the ethnobiological distribution and nomenclature of the species. It then examines how the relationship of people and plants has been explored through qualitative and quantitative means. Specific cultural domains of use are then examined, with a particular focus on ethnomedical—human and animal—use as the most common domain (80%). Inclusion in human and animal diet is the second most common domain of use reported (9%). It is also valued as an insect and snake repellent, for firewood and charcoal making, for fencing and live hedging and as a timber. The examination of broad ethnobotanical usage across multiple domains is most commonly found in research from Ethiopia and Australia. The body of data is then analysed with respect to the historical phases of ethnobiological research.
