**5.2 Cardiovascular system**

The cardiovascular complications are from autonomic dysfunction and are the most serious complications. These include tachycardia, hypertension, ischaemia, hypotension, bradycardia, tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias, Asystole, heart failure. The pathogenesis is said to be due excessively high levels of circulating catecholamines.

Other complication related to the renal and gastrointestinal systems include; high output renal failure, Oliguric renal failure from rhabdomyolysis, urinary stasis, urinary tract infection, gastric stasis, ileus, diarrhoea, haemorrhage. Thromboembolism and skin breakdown has been reported. Dislocation of the temporomandibular and shoulder joints have also been reported. Sepsis with multiple organ failures can also occur with the progression of the disease.
