**6. Intrauterine contraception devices**

Intrauterine contraception devices (IUCDs) are small, flexible devices inserted in the uterine cavity to provide effective, long-acting, reversible contraception. The IUCD is a safe, easy-to-use, and highly cost-effective means of contraception, with significantly low failure rates [120, 121]. It provides a nonsurgical option for pregnancy prevention that is as effective as surgical sterilization. The IUCD is one of the most commonly used methods of long-acting, reversible contraception worldwide, with an average utilization

rate of approximately 23% among female contraceptive users, although there is wide variation between countries, ranging from <2% to >40% [122, 123].

### **6.1 Content**

There are different types and shapes of IUCD available globally. Most IUCDs have a plastic frame and release either copper or a progestin to prevent pregnancy.
