**5. Conclusion**

This study highlights the important involvement of genes and integrons into multidrug resistance strains of *E. coli* in two main hospitals of Ouagadougou. The most important finding was the detection of four *E. coli* multiresistant strains producing ESBL that were resistant to imipenem, aztreonam, and harbored class 1 integrons. Another important observation was the detection of two *E. coli* multiresistant strains producing ESBL but lacking a resistance gene and/or integrons. Our results have demonstrated the emergence and dissemination of multidrug-resistant *E. coli* strains hosting several genes responsible for the production of ESBL in clinical isolates. Ultimately, to fight effectively against the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, an integrated surveillance network should be set up, which would be of great benefit to national antimicrobial resistance control programs.
