**1.2 Sustainability**

Sustainability is a multi-dimensional concept incorporating economic, environmental, and social dimensions of business. Primary goal of any commercial enterprise is to make profit for long tern economic sustainability by balancing costs and revenues in sourcing, production and distribution of goods and services. Due to global pressure, climate change and pollution, environmental sustainability has taken centre stage in today's business [14]. The focus is to minimise natural resources use, waste and pollution (air, water, land), and increased renewable energy use in production and distribution. Social sustainability includes working environment, employee morale and satisfaction, equity and social integration of communities. Industry 4.0 technologies (I4T) help manufacturing companies achieve long-term goals by reducing lead times, providing customised goods, improving product quality, improving the working environment, and employee morale [15]. Organisations have been compelled to adapt smart production systems which are more adaptable, intelligent, and agile, and allows to address the demands of a dynamic and global market [16].
