**3. Literature review**

ACMs have to develop innovations and new products compared to the traditional innovation process to be competitive. They must identify customers' needs and requirements achievable from their production process capacity and the organisational structure. Their inability to implement drastic changes to their production processes and only be ready and attentive to the requirements of their parent companies makes them vulnerable to competitiveness and innovation [3].

## **4. Fourth industrial revolution (I4.0)**

While the first, second and third industrial revolutions (IRs) changed the industries' shop floors through the use of steam power, electrical power and automation, respectively, the I4.0 is about the communication among cyber-physical systems (CPSs) [4]. The advances in computing power, intelligent control, and connectivity lead to the development of intelligent products and allow for radical changes in several other areas. As in the previous IRs, sweeping changes in the shop floor are causing a cascading effect of changes through all the processes in the value chains, thus supporting the creation of new business models and allowing for the production of improved products, which are impacting customers' uses and behaviours in new ways.
