*Circular Economy in Buildings DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107098*


### **Table 1.**

*Material selection options for building [2].*


### **Table 2.**

*End of life scenarios for construction and demolition waste [16].*



*Note: DIt = the tool(s) required to disassemble components; DIm = equipment required to move components; Ri = resilience of components.*

### **Table 3.**

*Building material analysis [33].*

of construction materials, but Brazil can recover only 6% of the construction waste [26] (**Table 3**).

For oil-based materials, the most emission-intensive process is production, followed by the incineration of the material itself and then the incineration of the attached glue and plaster. For mineral insulation materials, the environmental impact of production surpasses the impacts caused by the oil-based materials (inert material landfill) [19] (**Figure 5**).

The main drawback of the circular economy process is the disassembly or demolishing process, material size, and further installation process may require

### **Figure 5.**

*Impact of different insulating materials [19].*


### **Table 4.**

*Focus on circular economy practices.*

### *Circular Economy in Buildings DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.107098*

some additional time and cost in some cases [24]. However, when a good number of material and construction companies will start the recycling unit and maintain the supply chain regularly then the recycling products will be regular products which will reduce the demand for using materials from primary resources. Due to a lack of research on the circular economy, there are no proper databases or building material matrixes that can be followed by professionals to select the building materials with circular economy potentialities. There are few studies that were based on specific types of materials or properties, but they are not precise enough to take decisions when compared with other materials. As a consequence, a building material matrix is necessary where a wide range of building materials will be present and identified with their circular economy potentialities like recyclability, reusability, toxicity, wastages, assembly and disassembly.

The main drawback of the circular economy process is the disassembly or demolishing process, and further installation process may increase the required time to complete the project and cost in some cases Atkins [24]. Because the material recycling plant will need the time to recycle the materials after the demolishing of the building and prepare them to use or reuse in the new building. However, when a good number of material and construction companies will start the recycling unit and maintain the supply chain regularly then the recycling products will be a regular products which will reduce the demand for using materials from primary resources.
