**5. Women's role in the households and society**

Gender relation underlies the hierarchical aspect existing between both genders in the family. And without a doubt, these relations are widely considered to be dominated by men within households. Furthermore, few women have the responsibility of being heads of families. But when they do have such responsibility, it is usually the synonym of being single, divorced, separated mothers, widows or when the husband is completely disabled or has a serious illness issue that makes him infirm. Therefore, this is the position that, despite being assimilated into cultural posturing, the female gender consistently finds itself in, according to studies. However, others studies have demonstrated that despite their vulnerability, women are excellent household leaders. It has been shown that households headed by women manage better deprivation [24]. Namely, they make a better distribution or allocation of the scarce resources at their disposal. Besides, the distribution of time allocated to household chores is generally in conflict with the status of non-household workers. This means that often in the family, there is a dilemma for women to just do childcare, housework or go for a job outside the home. Thus, in the presence of the man, the woman is much more willing to engage in housekeeping. Then, about the hierarchical paradigm of societal assignment of tasks, the predominant cultural mentality forces them to stay at home.

Socially, roles generally assigned as females are almost less valued than those designated as males. Women are expected to fulfil the reproductive role of carrying and raising children, caring for other family members and household management tasks, as well as home production. Men, on the other hand, tend to be much more associated with productive roles, specifically paid work, and commodity production. In the labour market, although the overall engagement rate of women is growing, they tend to be restrained in a relatively narrow range of occupations or clustered at lower levels than men and generally earn less [25].

Despite some wives making a greater contribution to household income than men, society does not recognize women's equal participation in household management. Their wealth is not a sufficient justification to not take on domestic tasks. Even if these things happen, it is not well perceived. Further, as far as discrimination and domestic violence are concerned, the female gender is the most vulnerable. Likewise, poverty is common among rural housewives because they depend on their husbands to provide them with economic help [26–28].

In order to best describe the contemporary place of women in society, it has been important to understand where women are and how they're doing in that society. Therefore, to achieve a sustainable, update gender-based social solution for a problem, prior women's roles in the family circle and the community must be recognized.
