**1. Introduction**

The unhindered passage of bile from the liver into the duodenum requires a patent biliary tree and is a prerequisite for efficient hepatic function. Any obstruction of the biliary tree may lead to obstructive jaundice.

Associated adverse consequences of obstructive jaundice, such as coagulopathy, hypovolemia, endotoxemia, and sepsis, can develop rapidly and significantly increase the mortality and morbidity of these patients due to multi-organ failure. Acute obstructive cholangitis (AOC) is a frequent complication of biliary obstruction provoked by stones in the common bile duct (CBD). According to the different authors, the morbidity and mortality in such circumstances are up to about 20-30% [1, 2].

The need for urgent decompression of the CBD is vitally essential for these patients. There are four different approaches to do this, for example, ERCP, laparoscopic approach, percutaneous biliary drainage, or open surgical access.

Today, laparoscopy is the preferred method of surgery for a wide range of pathology ranging from cholecystitis to colon carcinoma; practically every part of the gastrointestinal tract can be operated on by laparoscopy. With the introduction of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), about 30 years ago, now we could resolve the problem of biliary obstruction with lesser risk for the patient.
