**6.4 Lymph node dissection**

Lymphadenectomy has been reported to have no beneficial therapeutic effects in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma [13]; however, Ono et al. have reported the results of ipsilateral para-aortic lymph nodes in 25 patients with renal cell carcinomas of 5 cm or more in diameter [22] and they concluded that extended lymph node dissection could be conducted safely by the laparoscopic procedure [22].
