**2.3 Unstable camera platform**

Advanced laparoscopic surgery requires the surgeon to see anatomy to safely perform an operation. The quality of the image provided partly depends on the camera operator who may be inexperienced. This may lead to rapid camera movements, a view that is rotated away from the horizon, and a narrow view of an operative field without the perspective that comes with visibility of the entire abdomen or thoracic cavity. The unstable view may lead to motion sickness as well as increased fatigue during an operation [10]. These factors can make the laparoscopic image disorientating compared to open surgery.
