**9. Conclusion**

The widespread uptake of minimally invasive approaches combined with ongoing evolution and refinement of surgical technique have resulted in significant improvements in peri-operative outcomes over the last three decades. Numerous studies confirm lower operative morbidity and improved perioperative outcomes with LRN

compared to Open Radical Nephrectomy, specifically in terms of reduced postoperative pain, analgesic requirements, estimated blood loss, need for transfusions, length of hospital stay and more rapid convalescence and return to daily activities [34–36] without hampering the long-term oncological efficacy [37, 38]. LRN will thus continue to play a major role in renal malignancies till the robotic surgeries become widespread.
