**9. Outcomes**

The overall survival of patients with duodenal atresia exceeds 90%, which is mostly due to advances in surgical techniques, neonatal care, and parenteral nutrition [11, 40]. The early mortality of less than 10% is attributed to associated anomalies or prematurity [41, 46]. Despite their high risk of associated congenital cardiac anomalies, patients with trisomy 21 have similar risks of morbidity and mortality compared with their normal counterparts [40, 41, 46]. Long-term follow-up is important due to the risk of late complications, most notably nonfunctioning mega-duodenum or gastroesophageal reflux disease, which might occur several years later [45, 47, 48].
