**1. Introduction**

Laparoscopic techniques have revolutionized the field of surgery. Compared to open surgery, the benefits of laparoscopy include less postoperative pain, an earlier return to normal activities following surgery, and a reduction in postoperative complications such as wound infection and incisional hernia. The first and most important critical step in the laparoscopic procedure is the insertion of surgical instruments through small abdominal incisions and the creation of pneumoperitoneum. However, gaining access to the abdomen for laparoscopic surgery is associated with some unique complications. Although inadvertent injuries to viscera or major blood vessels, likely to occur during the initial access, are uncommon, they are potentially life-threatening [1–5].
