**7. Complications**

We can divide complications into those associated with TJR and complications associated with orthognathic surgery.

Complications associated with TJR of the TMJ can be divided into perioperative and postoperative [15, 20, 34–37].

Perioperative complications include:

1.Injuries to blood vessels and nerves. Vessels mainly include the temporal superficial vein and artery, the retromandibular vein and branches of the maxillary artery. Of the nerves, the facial nerve can be damaged most often (manifested by impaired facial expressions in the postoperative period). Another damaged nerve may be the trigeminal nerve (manifested in the postoperative period by chronic pain, hypoesthesia or anesthesia of the lower lip area).


Postoperative complications include:


**Figure 5.** *Complication of TJR: luxation of prosthesis.*

Complications associated with orthognathic surgery can again be divided into perioperative and postoperative [38, 39].

Perioperative complications include


Postoperative complications include


8.Infection Postoperative infections include cellulitis, abscess, maxillary sinusitis and osteomyelitis. Rates of postoperative infections are low thanks to aseptic techniques, antibiotics, and good blood supply into oral and maxillofacial area. Even when infections do occur, thex can be fully cured through early diagnosis and management.
