**5. NGS and dPCR as tools for understanding NTDs**

Understanding health from different areas, based on the circumstances in which people are born and develop their lives, health systems, public policy, and environmental factors, among others, is to understand it from the approach proposed by Ecohealth. This comprehensive vision takes into account the diversity of factors that affect the presence or absence of any disease in humans and not only considers that people's health depends on the effects of pathogenic microorganisms or toxic substances. Ecohealth addresses what are known as social determinants of health [116, 117]. To analyze these determinants, it must be understood that there are singular, particular, and general dimensions that condition the health status of individuals and societies.

The control of NTDs requires novel visions and approaches that effectively address the determinants of transmission of a group of very diverse and complex pathologies that only share in some cases being transmitted by vector insects, but that have very different clinical characteristics. Their diagnoses require techniques of varying complexity and cost, they are transmitted in very specific contexts (urban, rural, and jungle), they affect the general population to varying degrees, their treatment varies in efficacy and cost, and control faces different technical challenges and operations that make the success of the programs very uncertain. On the other hand, frequent changes in environmental and ecological conditions, the dynamics of social and economic forces and the influence of cultural and gender determinants dominate the patterns of presentation and control of vector-borne diseases (endemic, epidemic, emergency, deletion, etc.). That is why the traditional approaches focused exclusively on the vector, based on the intensive and massive use of insecticides, with vertical
