**3.5 Interventions on mosquito mating and insemination**

Mosquitoes are thought to use a set of sonorous, visual, and chemical cues to identify and attract their partners. While the manipulation of such signals used to guide mosquitoes is an interesting target to prevent mosquito mating, the molecular identity of its components, such as sex pheromones and their odorant-binding receptors are scant. In that sense, both *Anopheles* and *Aedes* mosquitoes can adopt a swarming behavior during mating. Aggregation pheromones have been identified in *Anopheles* [79]*.* Such compounds can be used to manipulate mating behavior in wild vector populations and are a likely target of vector control strategies. More recently, genes regulating cuticular hydrocarbon productions and the circadian cycle have been described to be coordinated with light and temperature to guide swarming in *Anopheles* [80]. Aggregation pheromones have also been described in *A. aegypti* (Fawaz et al., 2014). Interestingly, *Aedes* swarming does not require swarming before mate and *Aedes* mosquitoes have been shown to mate in pairs throughout the day [81].

Upon mating, male sperm is transferred to a spermatheca (one in *Anopheles,* two in *Aedes*) where it is stored for the lifetime of the female mosquito. The role of odorant receptors in activating spermatozoa flagella has been previously shown [82]. While several candidate agonists were shown to activate flagellar beating, its physiological
