**2.1 DNA sequencing: history and current status**

The description of the molecular structure of DNA in 1953 by Watson and Crick, reported in their article "molecular structure of nucleic acids: A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid" [19], became the basis of genomic research allowing technological development and research. At the beginning of the 70s, studies on DNA sequencing began, Maxam and Gilbert in February 1977 stated that DNA can be sequenced by a chemical procedure [20]. However, the first enzymatic method for DNA sequencing was proposed by Sanger and Coulson in 1975 [21]. In 1982, Caruthers and Hood
