**6. Sustainable health care financing**

Financial sustainability of health care financing is explained based on WHO's sustainable health care financing framework [21]. The frameworks explain sustainability in health care financing as the inter-relationship between revenue mobilization, risk pooling for financial protection, and efficient purchasing to meet the needs for all. The sustainability goal requires that the three interconnected health financing system functions: revenue collection, financial and risk pooling, and purchasing of health care services are met. Additionally, health care services should be provided according to need, quality, opportunity, and dignity, regardless of individual's ability to pay [6]. Sustainable health care financing can be conceptualized as the best and efficient mechanisms of organizing three components of the health insurance functions to provide continuous health care to the population, explained as revenue mobilization.

### **6.1 Revenue mobilization**

Revenue mobilization means the measures adopted to raise revenues from various sources, identification of funding sources, and collection methods to finance the health services as well as the provider payment mechanisms. Sustainability of health insurance scheme depends on the quantum of the funds raised and the efficient management of the funds.

#### **6.2 Fund pooling**

Fund pooling refers to policies established to build an advanced accumulated funding from various sources on behalf of the population. Pooling also means risk sharing between different people who have different incomes, ages, and illness risk.

#### **6.3 Resource allocation and purchasing**

Resource allocation and purchasing simply means paying providers health care services on behalf of the insured. It refers to the measures used to buy health care services from public and private providers for and on behalf of health care consumers.

These three financing functions interact at country health policy level and translate into mobilizing adequate and sustainable revenues in an efficient and equitable manner to provide individuals with the needed essential health services and financial risk protection against unforeseen catastrophic episode of illness or injury.

Effective and efficient combination of the health financing functions and the policies together, through the intermediate sustainability goals such as transparency and accountability, can yield a sustainable and resilient health financing system for a country.
