**3. Associated disorders**

Somnambulism-associated disorders/syndromes are presented in **Table 2**. These include alcoholism [34], brain tumor [37], bulimia [38, 39], epilepsy [40–43],


#### **Table 2.**

*Somnambulism associated disorders/syndromes.*

### *Somnambulism: Recent Findings DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102462*

hyperthyroidism [44], migraine [45–48], nocturnal hypoglycemia [49, 50], Parkinson's disease [29, 51, 52], sexsomnia [32], sleep-disordered breathing [53–55], and Tourette's syndrome [56, 57]. In a cross-sectional case–control study conducted in Montpellier, France, with 100 adult sleepwalkers (55 men and 45 women, aged 18–59 years), Lopez et al. [48] found 44% suffered from chronic pain, compared to 20% of controls. Those sleepwalkers with chronic pain were more likely to be older and had higher daytime sleepiness. As one of the limitations in this study, Lopez et al. [48] had noted that pain sensitivity was not measured. Di Fabio et al. [29] reported that 9% of their 417 Parkinson's disease patients were somnambulists, and concluded that sleepwalking in Parkinson's disease is associated with depression, higher disease severity, and higher functional disability.
