**11. Summary and conclusions**

Sudden death associated with sports participation often has a cardiovascular cause and the two most frequent etiologies are HCM and aberrant CAs. Clinical features of HCM, aberrant CAs, Marfan's syndrome, and ARVC were reviewed and other entities responsible for SCD were listed/tabulated. The existing recommendations are a prespots participation review of full personal and family history and systematic physical examination, preferably in the primary care doctors' office. Additional investigative studies should be undertaken if history or physical examination detect any abnormalities. Using ECG, echocardiogram, or MRI as routine screening techniques is contentious and is not currently recommended in the USA. The rationale of pre-sports participation evaluation is to allow as many athletes as feasible to partake instead of being excluded from sports participation.
