Preface

Chalcogenides have attracted the attention of the research community for decades because of their distinctive characteristics. In recent years, chalcogen-based materials have been used in various micro-electronics and energy devices, owing to their high feasibility, good mechanical properties, tunable electronic structures, and attractive electrical conductivity. This book describes the synthesis of chalcogen-based materials and their various uses. It is divided into three sections: "Chalcogen Fabrication", "Solar Cells and Batteries" and "Nanoscale Devices".

Section 1 includes four chapters that discuss the preparation of chalcogens for different applications. Chapter 1 describes the recent developments of multifunctional characteristics of chalcogen thin films. It also provides a detailed overview of the capability of chalcogen-based materials in supercapacitors, perovskite solar cells, thin-film sensors, and tandem solar cells. Chapter 2 designs the physical properties calculation of beryllium selenide (BeSe) by M.A. Ghebouli and B. Ghebouli. First-principles calculations were carried out using Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code. The authors estimate the hybrid functional parameters such as structural, elastic, electronics, and optical properties of zinc-blende and NiAs phase of BeSe. Chapter 3 summarizes spectroscopic studies of mechanically exfoliated PtSe2. It describes the electronic band structure and density of states for monolayer, bi-layer, tri-layer, and bulk PtSe2. Theoretical approximations determine the structural behavior of 1T phase PtSe2. Chapter 4 describes a series of synthetic organoselenium compounds such as ebselen analogues, diaryl selenides, spirodioxyselenurane, and spirodiazaselenuranes and their glutathione peroxidase (GPx) catalytic activity.

Section 2 includes two chapters on energy-based applications of chalcogenides such as perovskite solar cells and batteries. Chapter 5 describes the fabrication of perovskite solar cells using transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDs) as the electron transport layer. Moreover, it investigates the role of TiS2-, MoS2-, and WS2-based electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells. Chapter 6 discusses chalcogen (sulfur, selenium, and tellurium (SSTs))–tuned batteries. It describes aluminium ion batteries supported by SST cathodes. It also demonstrates various chalcogen substitutions in Li-ion and metal-ion batteries.

Section 3 includes chapters related to the fabrication of semiconducting nanodevices using chalcogen materials. Chapter 7 discusses the temperature-dependent assessment of conductivity, terahertz generation, and charge carrier dynamics. It also

discusses chalcogenides such as bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, and antimony telluride and their charge movements. Finally, Chapter 8 describes the recording characteristics of chalcogenides.

This edited volume discusses the preparation of chalcogenides and their circular angle uses in different industries.

> **Dhanasekaran Vikraman** Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Korea

Section 1
