**2.5 Industrial source of fluoride pollution**

Another major source of F pollution is the atmospheric or wastewater-based release from numerous industries that processor deal in steel, aluminum, copper, and nickel, phosphate ores, phosphatic fertilizers, glass, bricks, and other ceramics [4, 5]. The biggest industrial source of fluoride pollution into the environment is, however, the phosphate ore production and aluminum smelting. Fluoride dispersion, a pollution source, is also aided by the application of fluoride-containing insecticides and the combustion of coal and other fuel sources of geogenic origins. in the general environmental fluoride cycling between the surface waters, groundwater reserves, air, soils, and the biological components of the environment as a result of these activities is summarized in **Figure 1**.
