Preface

Digital transformation is characterizing the investigation of new business strategies and IT modernization of private and public companies, proposing the application of digital tools and technologies to the performance of normal work. However, not all organizations are yet clear about what digital transformation means and how it can be used fruitfully. Digital transformation should imply a redesign of processes and should be accompanied by a path of change management to overcome people's normal resistance to change. Today, information technologies fundamentally transform whole business models, products, and services. In fact, innovations are an opportune strategy for companies to compete in the digital age and to transform their business models, taking a service perspective on their value creation. In this scenario, digital transformation should be based on three essential components: people, company, and technology. Based on these premises, this book includes fourteen chapters that highlight companies that are successful in digital transformation and that are capable of changing mentality, strategies, and culture to keep up with continuously changing needs. The book analyzes business opportunities in different economic sectors.

Chapter 1, "Mastering Digital Transformation with Service Dominant Architecture" by Peter Weiß et al., presents insights from a longitudinal case study of an insurance company. Chapter 2, "Utilization of Fintech Applications during the Covid-19 Pandemic" by Özlem Olgu Akdeniz, is an empirical analysis evaluating a selection of the best FinTech-based investments in the Turkish banking sector using a hybrid DANP–fuzzy TOPSIS technique. In the current context, university education is one sector of national economies that is tremendously influenced by digital transformation. As such, Chapter 3, "Digital Maturity of University Libraries in Nigeria" by Adeleke Akinniyi et al., reports the findings of a survey of the level of digital maturity of university libraries in Nigeria. Chapter 4, "Modelling Digital Economy Implications on Long-Run Economic Development" by Elsadig Musa Ahmed, highlights that economics, like other social sciences, does not have one standard definition of the digital economy due to the subjective nature of the social sciences. Therefore, the chapter provides digital economy frameworks and policies to help in implementing digital transformation and to develop and use new technologies needed for sustainable economic growth through technological progress, human capital skills development, and environmental protection via green productivity technological progress. Chapter 5, "For Better or for Worse: The Impact of Workplace Automation on Work Characteristics and Employee Well-Being" by Maria C.W. Peeters and Judith Plomp, examines the consequences of implementing an automation technology (i.e., Robotic Process Automation [RPA]) for work characteristics and employee wellbeing. In the next years, perhaps more than ever before, a technological revolution will transform the construction sector in all its single aspects, greatly affecting services, production, and supplies. With building information modelling (BIM), as well as the concept of the digital twin, the innovation of tools has entailed a methodological innovation for the whole sector, owing to virtual reality simulations and actual dynamic real-time monitoring. Thus, Chapter 6, "Digital Transformation

in the Construction Sector: From BIM to Digital Twin" by Daniotti et al., helps to understand the BIM phenomenon to achieve its mature use and future trends toward digital twin. Chapter 7, "New Approaches to Innovation Management in the Context of Digital Transformation" by Zhanna Mingaleva and Vladimir Postnikov, examines the impact of global trends on innovation activity as well as identifies new factors influencing innovation models. A conceptual approach to the analysis of the evolution of innovation models based on the transformation of information and communication technologies for innovation based on the bibliographic analysis and integration of existing concepts and theories of innovation, digitalization, and sustainable development in the world science is created. Chapter 8 "Digital Transformation: The Age of Innovations in Business and Society" by Iryna Kovshova, discusses the direction of innovative marketing management. In particular, it studies the opportunities of implementing artificial intelligence, neuromarketing, and augmented and virtual reality marketing technologies in company business processes. Chapter 9, "Perspective Chapter: Data as Currency - On the Impact of ICTs and Data on the Saudi Economy and Industrial Sector" by Kinda R. Dahlan et al., explores Saudi Arabia's digital readiness to further expound its industrial strategic goals. Chapter 10, "Yacht Digital Design: Technologies toward a Computational Morphology System" by Arianna Bionda and Andrea Ratti, investigates the role of digitally enabled technologies in modifying the disciplinary approaches to yacht design, a field of industrial design in which engineering and design approaches are mixed and overlapped. Chapter 11, "Applied Mathematics Tools in Digital Transformation" by Francesco Calabrò et al., presents mathematics tools that can help with digital transformation, along with some successful cases. It is clear that the digital age holds great potential for increased inclusion and closure of the gender leadership gap, especially in the construction industry. The construction industry, which is regarded as one of the most traditional and conservative male-dominated industries, serves as the best example of a long overdue need for dynamic restructuring and action related to women in leadership. Thus, Chapter 12, "Perspective Chapter: The Sovereign Way - How Diversity in Construction Is Key of Success in the Digital Age" by Bianca Christina Weber-Lewerenz, outlines the framework needed to redefine, recalibrate, and reshape the construction industry and increase women's roles within it. Chapter 13, "Education and Training in the Digital Era: A Compass for *Building Forward Better*" by Bianca Christina Weber-Lewerenz, emphasizes that digitization along with technological and social challenges requires a rethinking and adjustment of professional qualifications. The question is: "Are we ready for the technological challenges of tomorrow?" The research in this chapter found that there is significantly high potential for diverse teams, staffing the STEM fields with more female specialists, and fully using specialist knowledge and personal qualifications of both men and women. Finally, Chapter 14, "Virtual Internet of Things Laboratory Using Node-Red" by Kalapatapu V. S. K. R. Shiva Kumar et al., discusses how to implement virtual laboratory sessions for an IoT course. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, attending the student laboratory session physically is difficult or even impossible. To overcome this problem, a virtual laboratory is implemented.

Based on the studies in this book, it is clear that a company is "digital" not only if it uses technologies but also if it thinks with the mentality of the digital world, in which both the way of creating and proposing its products are different and services is the way of working and collaborating between teams. This perspective shows how digital transformation affects every business activity as well as the economy and society. Thus, this book is intended to be a useful resource for anyone who deals with digital

transformation. Furthermore, we hope that this book will provide useful resources ideas, techniques, and methods for future research on these issues. We wish to give special thanks to all the authors who contributed to the success of the project. We are very thankful to the contributing authors for their invaluable research as well as the referees who reviewed the contributions for their effort, time, and invaluable suggestions. Our special thanks to the staff at IntechOpen, especially Author Service Manager Ms. Martina Ivancic, for their support.

## **Antonella Petrillo and Fabio De Felice**

Department of Engineering, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy

**Monica Violeta Achim,**

Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Department of Finance, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

**Nawazish Mirza,**

Excelia Business School, La Rochelle France

**1**

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

Architecture

Research (DSR) approach.

**1. Introduction**

Mastering Digital Transformation

The paper presents insights from a longitudinal case study of an insurance company. Digital transformation requires companies to review their strategy. Today, information technologies fundamentally transform whole business models, products, and services. Innovations are an opportune strategy for companies to compete in the digital age and to transform their business models, taking a service perspective on their value creation. Service Dominant Architecture (SDA) offers practitioners a framework and environment to design and operate service systems and systems of engagement. Furthermore, it stimulates collaborative theorizing processes by involving decision-makers, managers, and practitioners in general as active participants in the research process (midrange-theory). Our focus is on evolving and applying our framework and IT artifact SDA. SDA provides guidance to practitioners and researchers, respectively, on how to build implementable and operable solution designs in real practice. Our research on SDA is primarily informed and guided by a Design Science

**Keywords:** digital transformation, engagement systems, service platform,

Digitization and digital transformation affect business in many companies. Companies are confronted with fast-changing markets and customer behavior because digital technologies affect the life events of consumers and producers [1]. Most practitioners perceive a gap and disconnect between the design of digital strategies and their execution. We will argue that building systems of engagement is central to key industries and evolve into a crucial role in service innovation. Service Dominant Architecture (SDA) aims to close this gap by translating the requirements of business initiatives into composable technical and business capabilities. SDA is implemented as a platform on top of existing IT infrastructures (systems of record) and offers new capabilities (systems of engagement) summarized as the foundation for strategy execution. SDA constitutes a conceptual framework and solution design, respectively. Management of actor engagement is seen as a key dynamic capability for

service dominant architecture, service-dominant logic

with Service Dominant

*Peter Weiß, Markus Warg and Andreas Zolnowski*

## **Chapter 1**
