*4.4.3 Social presence in online teaching can be improved using the following principles*

• Trusting environment:

Both teacher & students enter the online session few minutes before session so that icebreaking can be initiated by the teacher. In case of lack of attention from the students, the teacher should change the strategy and think about easier examples to explain the concept.

• Verbal feedback

Teacher should consider students' verbal feedback (no student responds, or students respond with inadequate explanation) for improvement in the teaching session.

	- F2F driver: A struggling student is given online remedial assignment though the LMS, following the online teaching session.
	- ROTATIONS: In a station rotation model, students are organized into groups in the break-out rooms within the web-conferencing platform for the group work during the online session. These groups can be fixed (remain the same each day) or dynamic (change related to student skills/ needs).
	- FLEX: Blending online teaching session with traditional teaching methods. The assignments are completed by the students independently. Students work at their own pace through a predetermined set of material.

• Presence and social media:

A teacher should have a virtual office to meet the students in online teachinglearning environment. Using social media, educators can have an opportunity to help students and blur the lines between informal and formal learning. The following social media can be used:


Following online teaching session, teacher should create the sense of a learning community using appropriate platforms/tools e.g., forum in LMS and/or webconferencing platform chat room

