**7. Conclusion**

Cybersecurity issues are an ever-expanding part of the digital age, and intersection management is no exception. Hackers have shown themselves increasingly adept at infiltrating various systems, and intersection and sign management systems are likely to become prime targets if plans, devices, and protocols are not more highly protected. Currently, the prospects of having to retrofit some recently-acquired ITS systems are already looming because of complacent cyber concerns and insufficient design robustness.

From our regional study, we found evidence that indeed, many local governments are not prepared for cyber-attacks or have limited resources to prepare a comprehensive cybersecurity system. All too often, serious problems that exist go unnoticed, or ignored until it is too late. Let us hope that we do not wait for a catastrophic attack to occur before we do something about it.
