**Abstract**

Electrochemical batteries have demonstrated quality performances in reducing emissions in Electric Vehicles (EV) and Renewable Energy Storage (RES) systems. These chemistries, although most of them commercialized, contribute to ecological toxicity and global warming in their lifecycle phases. With the addition of new energy storage chemistries, sizing uncertainty and resulting environmental damage are increasing. This chapter presents a comprehensive comparative exploration of 14 electrochemical batteries, including chemistries in the research and development phase. To identify the appropriate chemistry, the capacity range sizing criteria, and formulations are presented with case studies of Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved driving profiles for EVs, and consumption load profiles for RES systems, dependent on a given set of operational constraints. Furthermore, a lifecycle impact assessment (LCA) metric, the Cradle-to-Gate technique, is computed to evaluate the sized storage chemistries' environmental impact supported by five case studies considering short-, medium-, and long-term duration operations and storage services.

**Keywords:** electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems, electrochemistry, lifecycle assessment, cradle-to-gate, battery sizing
