*5.2.1 Compressive strength*

Mirza et al. [14] conducted investigations by altering bentonite (0–50%) at room temperature and warmed at 150°C for 3 hours. Ahmad et al. [16] explore bentonite warmed at 500°C. They announced that 20% of bentonite (warmed at 150°C for 3 hours) subbed substantial blends display better compressive strength at 28 days restoring among all. The compressive strength of cement is straightforwardly corresponding to the temperature at which bentonite was warmed for 3 hours. Khushnood et al. [20] announced warmed bentonite mixed substantial blends showed higher compressive strength than crude bentonite. Memon et al. [10] analyzed up to 21% bentonite replacement, revealed that lower compressive strength shows at 3 years old, 7day, better compressive strength displayed at 28, 56 days in the wake

**Figure 6.** *The fresh concrete density of all mixes [10].*

of relieving, shown in **Figure 7**. Akbar et al. [32] researched at 20% bentonite replacement, poor compressive strength results were accounted for while contrasting and control blend.

Reddy et al. [25] utilized 10–30% bentonite replacement at 5% stretches. Tests were led, detailed that lower compressive strength was noticed for mixed blends among all. It was seen that 30% of bentonite substitution brings about higher compressive strength than control mix [3, 33]. Divyana [34] and Kadar and Dhanalakshmi [35] detailed that 20% bentonite replacement showed more noteworthy compressive strength than control blend [34, 36]. Chamundeeswari [37] and Selvaraj and Priyanka [38] announced that bentonite expansion diminishes in compressive strength of cement. Chandrakanth et al. proposed that 5% bentonite expansion accomplishes the greatest compressive solidarity to the substantial [39]. Aravindhraj and Sapna proposed that a 15-half bentonite-quarry dust combination shows the most extreme compressive strength at 28 days [40].

Shabab et al. [5] examined bentonite-fly ash mixes, stated that the concrete contains an equivalent combination (50–50%) of bentonite and fly ash displays improved outcomes at the age of 90 days, displayed in **Figure 8** [5, 41]. Bentonite modified concrete has shown better compressive strength in lateral days even though the performance was poor in the early days [32, 42]. Bentonite replacement can be done up to 10% in the making of concrete combined with waste rubber tires [43]. The addition of bentonite in the concrete showed a better result than wheat straw ash (WSA) as a supplementary cementitious material, shown in **Figure 9** [44]. An optimal bentonite substitution percentage was found as 2.7 while using the combination of kaolin and slag [45]. In foamed concrete, it was observed that more than 10% bentonite replacement would result from the decrement in compressive strength, and fluidity can be improved by more than 20% bentonite substitution [46].

**Figure 7.** *Compressive strength of bentonite mixes [10].*

**Figure 8.** *Compressive strength of bentonite-fly ash mixes [5].*

**Figure 9.** *Compressive strength results of WSA & bentonite clay concrete [44].*
