**3.4 Hybrid methods**

Coupled treatments (anaerobic-aerobic) are a good alternative for treating effluents from the textile industry [28, 32]. In the anaerobic stage, the reduction of the azo bond takes place, and the resulting aromatic amines are mineralized under aerobic conditions. An advantage of this system is the complete mineralization that is often achieved thanks to the synergistic action of different microorganisms [33]. While the main disadvantage is the long hydraulic retention times in the anaerobic stage [27, 28].
