**8. Ex-situ (offsite) economic impact on soil**

The approaches of soil conversation must be practiced with a clear understanding of the impacts of grazing forage production. The significance of the socio-economic impact of ex-situ practices on the environment should consider higher than that of in situ conservation. It is imperative that the complexities associated with biodiversity, rapid loss of biodiversity, and their realizationis increased to implement cost-effective programs, in turn, developing realistic and viable strategies and setting priorities for effective conservation and management of genetic resources will always be necessary, particularly a profound indigenous knowledge of potential benefits of indigenous forage legumes still warrant further investigation.

### **9. Conclusion and recommendations**

It is imperative that assessment of veld condition scoring is aligned in the context of biodiversity with different approaches. Relevance of information on extension, advisory services of biomass production of veld degraded area for determining grazing capacity, stocking rates & monitoring changes in herbaceous species composition must be maintained in the optimization of livestock production. The knowledge and research still need further investigation on introduction of local adaptable, drought-tolerant, resistant forage crops that could assist farmers to diversity on feed availability and cheaply supplementation of protein in cases of nutritional deficiency in mitigating effects of veld degradation. It is recommended that veld management for decision making should be aimed at the development vegetation, adaption, and mitigation measure should then a priority in veld rehabilitation programs in areas that are prone to veld degradation. It is necessary to curb human population growth, which is the major driving force for environmental and socioeconomic problems. There is a need to take urgent actions and interventions to protect biodiversity from threats including climate change; To ensure the maintenance of biodiversity in arable lands of South Africa.
