**5. Summary and conclusions**

This chapter provides an overview of passive, active, and creative energy technologies that are particularly important for realizing ZEB in buildings commonly used in Japan.

The main knowledge obtained in this chapter is summarized as follows:


To actually realize ZEB, it is important to consider the following steps: (i) reduce energy demand through passive technology, (ii) use energy without waste through active technology for the demand that is absolutely necessary, and (iii) provide energy through energy creation technology.

Moreover, in the operational phase of a building, it is also important to have energy management technology to determine where energy waste is occurring and how to efficiently operate the facilities. This energy management technology will help reduce energy consumption on an ongoing basis.
