**4. Enhance the oil recovery process using ccs**

From a geological perspective, the traps can be structural and stratigraphic, and the EOR could be from abandoned or deleted reservoirs:


#### **Table 1.**

*Benefits of lifecycle emissions on CO2 reduction of CO2–EOR projects [8].*

In addition to the information shown in **Table 2**, there are two types of CO2–EOR based on the miscibility between CO2 and the reservoir oil. The pressure at which miscibility occurs is defined as the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) [9].

As part of the CO2 – EOR operation, CO2 is inserted into a stratum containing oil at high pressure. The displacement of oil by CO2 injection is founded on the phase behavior of gas–oil mixtures, which are highly interdependent on the temperature, pressure, and constitution of the reservoir oil. Two main types of CO2–EOR procedures are recognized [1].

The main processes participating in the immiscible CO2 floods are:


*Carbon Capture, Use and Storage (CCUS) as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR): Llanos Orientales… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105949*


#### **Table 2.** *EOR Technologies [9].*


This assemblage of mechanisms allows a part of the left-over oil in the reservoir to be still, moved and extracted (**Figure 3**).

CO2 capture has been shown as one of the most successful EOR methods, especially in the United States, because it uses the available CO2 deposits that are present in nature. As can be identified in **Figure 4**, there are two sources of CO2:


**Figure 3.** *Diagram presenting the miscible CO2–EOR procedure [10].*

**Figure 4.**

*Production flow diagram of the CO2–EOR project [9].*

As for the CO2 extraction process, the first measure in CCS is to obtain it from other gaseous substances. CO2 can be seized from natural gas by absorption, adsorption, chemical looping, or membrane gas detachment, or it can be captured from flue gas at big CO2 location origin (coal power station and industrial processes units) by using one of the following three methods—pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-combustion. Once obtained, the CO2 is dehydrated and equipped for transport. It is transported by pipeline, truck, or ship in a supercritical state to the storehouse site, see **Figure 4** [5].
