**3.4 Defects in goods and garments manufacturing**

### *3.4.1 Defects and their types*

Defects are deviations/nonconformities of processes, products, or materials from the requirements/standards. Causes of defects may be man-made (assignable causes) or common/natural causes. Assignable causes can be removed, while common causes can only be reduced. For example, a poorly build knife maybe a cause for cutting defects/human fault, while loose leather is a cause for less durability of the garments.

### *3.4.2 Methods of identifying and isolating faulty pieces*

	- A. Cutting supervisors: they are the cutting supervisors that issue leather from raw material store where defects like loose leather, under substance, wrong color/shape, poor nap on nubuck, poor color fastness, and poor knife can be visually identified, and the leather is thereafter sorted accordingly. Only leather bundles that meet specifications are issued and allocated among cutting operators by the supervisors.
	- B. Cutting operators: they can identify during cutting minor defects like grains not matched pair wise, wrong direction of cutting, cuts/flaws in component, open defect, wrong size cut, and color variations to name but a few. These operators, in addition to cutting operations, have the responsibility to take care of component quality. As such, items ought to be cut in line with the parameters stated earlier and the data be posted to the operators.
	- Bench workers can identify defects like notch marks not matched, edge folding inaccurate, improper alignment, wrong components placement, too much hammering, and too much glue.
	- C. Stitching operators: they can identify minor defects like uneven stitching length, skipped stitches, stitches not locked at the end, wrong needle/thread used, stitches too far or too close to the edge, stitches not as per the marking, broken stitches, top tension tight, and seam puckering.

Possible defects during the final inspection stage may be:

