**5.1 B100 and "bio-circular engine" the best way to execute the procedure, for the case of only for B100 in the 2 stages**

**Figure 5**, (only for B100 in the 2 stages); shows all the elements for the use of B100 in both stages and throughout the procedure; provides the schematic of an internal combustion engine with the complete schematic drawing of the apparatus or device, with all the components arranged to enhance said procedure, where the conduction of the B100 can be observed, from the fuel tank to the Carter or engine oil tank, so that it performs the first function, as biolubricant (stage 1); Next, and on the opposite side of the engine, we can see the elements designed to extract the B100 from the Carter,

**Figure 5.** *Bio-circular engine, only for B100 in two stages.*

*Bio-Circular Engine: Simultaneous and Successive Use of BioDiesel as Bio-Lubricant… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103663*

drive it through the injection system to the injectors located in the cylinder heads, so that it performs the second function, such as biofuel (stage 2). The entire procedure will be governed by the ECU.

In **Figure 6**, (only for B100 in the 2 stages); You can see the conduction of the B100, by means of the electric pump (9) from the fuel tank (8), passing through the filter (7) to the Carter or engine oil tank, so that it performs the first function, such as biolubricant (stage 1); the flow and level controller (6) ensures the constant supply of B100 to the Carter, keeping it at the appropriate level line (horizontal intermittent double line), in such a way that the B100 fulfills its function as biolubricant, for a time t, which is determined by the constant flow of B100 to the fuel injection system (B100). Note: The residence or service time (t) of B100 inside the engine as a lubricant is determined by the fuel consumption of the Bio-Circular engine; for this, it provides that the transit of the B100 from the fuel tank (8), passing through the engine crankcase, until reaching the injectors (10) in the cylinder heads, is continuous; consequently, the volume of B100 that passes through said engine crankcase is exactly that consumed by the same engine in its internal combustion process, either as a function of the operating time and/or the distance traveled and/or the work performed. We will take as an example a vehicle with a 12,000 CC four-stroke (4T) diesel engine; 287 Kw; crankcase capacity of 40 l of lubricating oil and fuel consumption of 5 km/4 l. With the previous data, we know that approximately every 50 km of travel, it consumes 40 l of fuel (B100), which is the capacity of the crankcase, with which, for the case of this example,

#### **Figure 6.**

*Bio-circular engine diagram, for the exclusive use of biodiesel (B100) in the 2 stages. Video 1 functional model, bio-circular diesel engine; https://bit.ly/3HgVXJi.*

we can affirm the following: Every 50 km of travel, 40 l of B100 pass through the engine crankcase in its stage 1, as biolubricant. Every 50 km of travel, virtually all the 40 l of lubricating fluid (B100) would be renewed. Every 50 km of travel, virtually a complete change of engine lubricating oil would be done, at no additional cost. (Normally it is done every 15,000 km). Assuming that the same vehicle in the example moves at an average speed of 50 km/h, a complete change of lubricating oil would be done virtually every 1 h. From the conditions of the previous point, it can be deduced that every 6 min, 4 l of B100 would be entering the engine crankcase, that is, 1 l every 1.5 min. With the previous example, which takes real data from driving and normal operating conditions, it can be stated that biodiesel (B100) in its transit through the interior of the engine, in its first function as biolubricant (stage 1), at an average of 1 l every 1.5 min, can keep its physicochemical characteristics unchanged, so that once extracted from inside the engine, to continue its transit to the injection system, it will be in perfect condition for its second function as biofuel. (stage 2). Once B100 has passed through the interior of the engine (crankcase) in its biolubricant function, it is extracted from the crankcase through a duct (5), provided with a pre-filtering element, located at a certain level height, to guarantee the permanence of B100 inside the engine, if the supply of B100 from the fuel tank is suspended. Such level corresponds to the original level of the lubricant preset by the manufacturer; (END of stage 1). (START of stage 2); the conduit (5) is directly connected to the electric pump (4) in charge of sending the B100, already in its second function as biofuel, to the injection pump (2), which previously passed through the filtering station (3) (in some cases also cooled), to be conducted to the injector (10) located in the cylinder head where the B100 will be atomized inside the cylinder and ignited by the high compression of the piston and the help of the high cetane number (68 for the case of palm biodiesel) that will guarantee combustion with low levels of polluting emissions. (END of stage 2). All the execution and the elements of the present invention are interconnected and controlled by the ECU (1), notwithstanding that it can be executed under the application of new technologies or even without the application of the technologies described here; that is to say that, for the case of the example, it could eventually be possible to make use of the described procedure, using the elements installed at the factory, in the vehicles, to execute the same functions of the B100, not only in the conventional engine but also, the same, converted or adapted as a Bio-Circular Engine.
