**5.2 "Bio-circular engine" the best way to execute the procedure, for the case of B100 in stage 1 and B100-diesel blends in stage 2**

**Figure 7**, (for B100 in stage 1 and B100-Diesel blends in stage 2); like **Figure 5**, it shows all the elements for the use of B100 in stage 1 as biolubricant; during stage 2, B100 is blended with fossil diesel. Additionally, the necessary elements for the realization of said mixtures are shown (B10, B20, B50, etc.), which includes from a diesel fuel tank, passing through the B100-diesel mixer, once mixed in the indicated proportion, it is carried out through the pressure system to the injectors in the realization of said mixtures are shown (B10, B20, B50, etc.), which includes from a diesel fuel tank, passing through the B100-diesel mixer, once mixed in the indicated proportion, it is carried out through the pressure system to the injectors in the engine cylinders. Before the passage of the B100 (100% pure) through the engine in its first function as a biolubricant, it is subsequently led to the mechanism arranged to make said biodiesel-diesel mixtures and finally to the injectors in the engine cylinders, where it will fulfill the second function as biofuel, in the mixture. The whole procedure will be governed by the ECU.

*Bio-Circular Engine: Simultaneous and Successive Use of BioDiesel as Bio-Lubricant… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103663*

**Figure 7.** *Bio-circular engine, for B100 in stage 1 and B100-diesel blends in stage 2.*

In **Figure 8**, (for B100 in stage 1 and B100-Diesel mixtures in stage 2), exactly the same operating scheme is executed as in **Figure 6**, until the end of the function of B100 as biolubricant (End of stage 1). For this case, in stage 2 (as biofuel) elements are added that have the task of mixing B100 or 100% pure biodiesel, with fossil diesel, to obtain mixtures technically known as B10, B20, B50, etc.; such mixtures are usually regulated by entities or states, according to environmental, economic, industrial requirements, among others. Returning to the case of **Figure 6**, at the point where the B100 passes through the filtering station (3) (and subsequent refrigeration if necessary), this B100 is led to the device (15), designed to make the mixture (B100 + fossil diesel); the fossil diesel for its part is conducted through the action of the electric pump (13), from the reservoir or tank (12), passing through the filtering station (14), to the aforementioned mixing element (15); proportions of B100 and petroleum diesel already mixed and previously selected on the display (16), is conducted to the highpressure system or pump (2), to finally be transported to the injector (2), at the head of the cylinder. Also, for this case of **Figure 8**, all the implementation and elements of the present invention are interconnected and controlled by the ECU (1); without prejudice to the fact that it can be executed under the application of new technologies or even without the application of the technologies described here and even without their assistance. Note: It should be noted that both for the case of **Figures 6** and **8**, B100 that enters the Bio-Circular Engine crankcase in stage 1 (as biolubricant), is 100% pure biodiesel. For the case of **Figure 4,** B100 is only mixed with the fossil diesel, in stage 6, in the mixing element (15), consequently, there is no possibility that the fossil diesel enters the interior of the engine (carter and lubrication system), by the action of the process or device described in this new Bio-Circular Engine. For the case of **Figure 8**, the permanence of B100 as biolubricant inside the engine will not depend on the total fuel consumption as in the example of **Figure 6**; yes, it will depend on consumption, but depending on the percentage of B100 contained in the mixture (Biodiesel + fossil diesel). If we take the same conditions and engine data

**Figure 8.** *Bio-circular engine diagram, for B100 in stage 1 and B100-diesel blends in stage 2.*

from the previous example and select a B20 mixture, that is, 20% biodiesel with 80% fossil diesel; with the data of the previous example in which the consumption of the engine is 5 km/4 l and the oil capacity of the crankcase is 40 l of lubricating oil, then every 50 km the entire lubricant would be renewed (40 l of B100). In the case of B20 (mixture of 20% biodiesel +80% fossil diesel) or (20% pure biodiesel in the fuel mixture), this pure biodiesel (B100) would then take five times longer to be completely renewed, that is, the total renewal would take 250 km of travel, to consume 40 l of B100 as a lubricant. If in the same way, we assume that the vehicle in the example moves at 50 km/h, then it would take 5 h for the 40 l of B100 to pass through the interior (crankcase) of the engine. This means that every hour 8 l of B100 would be renewed; that is, 4 l every 30 min; or what is the same, 1 l every 7.5 min. In conclusion, for the example that concerns us, we observe the difference between pure biodiesel B100 and a mixture of B20: With B100 (100% pure Biodiesel), the biolubricant in the crankcase is renewed at a flow rate of 1 l/1.5 min. With B20 (20% pure Biodiesel), the crankcase biolubricant is renewed at a flow rate of 1 l/7.5 min. Bearing in mind that in the case of the B20, the renewal time is five times greater, due to the fact that five times less biolubricant B100 circulates inside the engine (crankcase), it would only take 250 km to complete the total renewal. If we take into account that it is a vehicle with commercial characteristics, those 250 km would normally be traveled in 1 day or less, which will ensure the efficiency and stability of the

*Bio-Circular Engine: Simultaneous and Successive Use of BioDiesel as Bio-Lubricant… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103663*

physical–chemical characteristics of most biodiesels of different materials. Caution: All the execution and the elements of the present invention are interconnected and controlled by the ECU (1), notwithstanding that it can be executed under the application of new technologies or even without the application of the technologies described here; that is to say that, for the case of the example, it could be possible to make use of the described procedure, using the elements installed at the factory, in the vehicles, to execute the same functions of the B100, not only in the conventional engine but also, the same, converted or adapted as a Bio-Circular Engine.
