**4.1 Rapid quenching technology**

To handle gas–solid reactions in a thermal plasma reactor, a rapid quenching system is required to be fabricated to quench the aluminium particles once formed in the plasma reactor. The quenching process reduces the Gibbs's free energy and hinders the particles from participating in the unwanted and side reactions with the oxygen and radicals adjacent to the external surface of the aluminium particles. While the feasibility of the carbon black formation with thermal plasma has already been demonstrated in the literature, further studies are required to fortify the technology for solid particle formation. The rapid quenching process must have a small residence time and a very high heat transfer coefficient for high heat flux removal capacity.
