*1.4.3 Optical biosensors*

Optical biosensors are used for analyte detection by absorption, fluorescence, or light scattering. They can also detect microscopic changes when cells bind to receptors immobilized on the transducer surface. They utilize the changes that occur in mass, concentration, or several molecules to direct changes in the characteristics of light [22, 23]. Here,


*Recent Advances in Biosensing in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104922*

#### **Table 1.**

*The various types of biosensors, some of their applications, and references.*

both catalytic and affinity reactions can both be assessed. **Figure 5** depicts a type of optical biosensor.

#### *1.4.4 Thermometric biosensors*

They are made up of a heat-insulated box with a heat exchanger (calorimetric cylinder), and the reaction takes place in a tiny enzyme-packed bed reactor. The substrate is transformed into a product and heat is created as it enters the bed. **Figure 6** shows a typical example of an optical biosensor.

A summary of types of biosensors and some of their applications that can be used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, or mhealth technology are shown in **Table 1**.
