**2.7 UBEC regulator module**

UBEC, as shown in **Figure 7**, is a circuit to change the voltage, high to low or vice versa, requires the right circuit, so that power can be delivered with the highest possible efficiency level. However, there is also switching battery elimination circuit (SBEC) where the overall use is the same as UBEC, and only SBEC has quality below UBEC. The 7805 regulator IC is very commonly used to lower the voltage. This regulator has the ability to handle currents up to 3 A, with a *V*in of 5.5–26 V, for 5–6 V output.

*Non-Invasive Approach for Glucose Detection in Urine Quality Using Its Image Analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104791*

**Figure 7.** *UBEC regulator module 3 A 5–6 V.*

### **2.8 Block diagram and flowchart portable urine quality detector**

**Figure 8** shows that the tool is fully integrated with all the components used. The thermal sensor has an 8×8 infrared sensor array that measures the temperature of urine in a non-contact container by detecting infrared energy or thermal energy emitted from the urine sample. The reading results produce an electrical signal and amplify it and then convert it into a digital signal using ADC.

A digital signal is sent to the control system for calculation, comparison, and correction so that the output temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). When connected to the Arduino Nano microcontroller, it displays an array of individual infrared temperature readings of 64 pixels per pixel display the Arduino readings. There is an interpolation scheme that connects to Matlab via serial communication and improves pixel scaling from 8×8 to 100×100.

Flowchart portable urine quality detector can be seen in **Figure 9**. The first stage is to take a urine sample and put it in a reservoir. Urine was taken in three variations, namely urine taken in the morning, urine taken at any time, and postprandial urine with urine composition consisting of mineral water and some drinks containing glucose. Inside the portable detector, the IR Thermal sensor will detect the urine temperature. Furthermore, the system will analyze the temperature data captured by the IR Thermal sensor. The diagnosis results will be displayed through the Matlab software and also the LCD.

#### **2.9 Schematic diagram of portable urine quality detector**

**Figure 10** shows a schematic of the portable urine quality detector circuit using the Proteus application software. In the schematic of the circuit, the voltage source

**Figure 8.**

*Block diagram of portable urine quality detector.*

**Figure 9.** *Flowchart portable urine quality detector.*

**Figure 10.** *Circuit schematic of portable urine quality detector.*

in the circuit is lowered using a DC-to-DC step-down, then the AMG8833 sensor is connected to the Arduino Nano microcontroller after that from the Arduino Nano, it is connected to the microSD card.
