**1.3 Applications of biosensors**

The use of biosensors aims to improve the quality of life, for environmental monitoring, disease detection, food safety, defense, drug discovery, and many more. One of the main applications of biosensors is the detection of biomolecules that are either indicators of a disease or targets of a drug. For example, electrochemical biosensing techniques can be used as clinical tools to detect protein cancer biomarkers [9, 10].

Biosensors can also be used as platforms for monitoring food traceability, quality, safety, and nutritional value [11, 12]. Furthermore, an application such as pollution monitoring [12, 13] requires a biosensor to function from a few hours to several days. Such biosensors can be termed as "long-term monitoring" analysis tools. Long-term monitoring biosensors find their use as technologically advanced devices both in resource-limited settings and sophisticated medical setups. Some examples are as follows:


A range of electrochemical, optical, and acoustic sensing techniques have been utilized, along with their integration into analytical devices for various applications. **Figure 2** depicts the various applications of biosensors. This book chapter will focus on tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and mobile health (mHealth) technologies.

**Figure 2.** *Applications of Biosensors in different areas of specialization.*
