**3. Result and discussion**

The test is carried out using three types of urine, namely morning urine, which is the first urine excreted in the morning when you wake up. This urine is more concentrated than urine that comes out during the day, so it's great for checking sediment, specific gravity, protein, etc., and also great for pregnancy tests based on the presence of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophins) in urine. Urine at any time where this urine can be used for various instantaneous tests, i.e., urine excreted at an unspecified time. Urine at this time is usually good enough for examination. Then the postprandial urine, where this urine sample can be used to check for glucosuria. Postprandial urine is the first urine excreted 1½–3 h after eating.

Test results data on urine temperature from several samples of the morning urine, urine at any time, postprandial urine. The urine sample is accommodated 20–30 ml in a urine collection container that is directly removed from the urethra and in realtime can be seen in **Figure 12**. In testing sample 1, urine collection was taken in the morning at 06.14, random urine at 13.20, postprandial urine at 20.13. The result for consumption of water and drinks containing glucose 1 × 24 h, namely 600 ml bottled water, 15 g warm tea, 10 g iced tea, 22 g Velluto Tango Drink, can be seen in **Figure 13**. It is known that the temperature of the morning urine is 28°C, the urine at any time is 27°C, and the postprandial urine is 30°C.

The next data is the test of sample 2 with the same dose directly removed from the urethra and in real-time in **Figure 14**. In the second sample test, urine collection was taken in the morning at 05.34, random urine at 16.20, postprandial urine at 22.07

**Figure 12.** *Temperature display on sample 1.*

*Non-Invasive Approach for Glucose Detection in Urine Quality Using Its Image Analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104791*

WIT. The result for consumption of water and drinks containing glucose 1 × 24 h, namely one glass of 330 ml bottled water, good day cappuccino 25 g, iced tea 15 g, orange ice 10 g, soya bean V-soy 19.8 g, that can be seen in **Figure 15**. It is known that

*Graph of sample test results 1.*

**Figure 14.** *Temperature display on sample 2.*

**Figure 15.** *Graph of sample test results 2.*

the temperature of morning urine is 28°C, intermittent urine is 31°C, postprandial urine is 32°C.

The next data is testing sample 3 with the same dose directly removed from the urethra and in real-time in **Figure 16**. In the third sample test, urine collection was taken in the morning at 06.47, random urine at 21.46, postprandial urine at 16.44. The result for consumption of water and drinks containing glucose 1 × 24 h, namely 250 ml of water, 15 ml of reject wind, 23 g of Kopiko Coffee, can be seen in **Figure 17**.

**Figure 16.** *Temperature display on sample 3.*

*Graph of sample test results 3.*

**Figure 18.** *Graph of measuring average.*

*Non-Invasive Approach for Glucose Detection in Urine Quality Using Its Image Analysis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104791*

It is known that the temperature of morning urine is 32°C, intermittent urine is 33°C, postprandial urine is 32°C.

The data from the test results of the Urine Quality Detector tool have an average conductivity value which can be seen in **Figure 18**. **Figure 18** is a graph of the average temperature conductivity value in urine from three different samples with consumption of various types of drinks that contain glucose. The graph shows that postprandial urine temperature has the highest average temperature value, which is between 30°C and 32°C compared to morning urine and occasional urine.

Captured samples were processed in the HSV color space. **Figure 19** shows the HVS values generated in several types of samples, including without artificial glucose, with artificial glucose of 1, 2, and 3 g. At the same time, the distribution of HVS values is shown in **Figure 20**.

#### **Figure 19.**

*HSV value of samples, (a) without, (b) 1 g, (c) 2 g, and (d) 3 g of artificial glucose.*

**Figure 20.** *Distribution of HSV values.*

**Figure 21.**

*Glucose test result with three different levels (a) level 1 or +, (b) level 2 or ++, and (c) level 3 or +++.*

Finally, a urine test strip treated with a urine sample can be detected. Glucose levels can be detected through the color on the glucose indicator box (GLU). It can be seen the difference in the color of the GLU indicator affects the HSV combination. **Figure 21** shows the different levels of glucose levels, (a) level 1 is indicated by "+", (b) level 2 is indicated by "++", and (c) level 3 is indicated by "+++".
