**2.2 Impact of climate change on livestock and crop/forage yields and quality**

Livestock production depends on natural resources, which in much of Africa, primarily means pasture and water [7, 8]. The transition towards drier and hotter regimes with climate change is expected to have several adverse impacts on the quantity and quality of animal feeds. Grazing areas will be affected by changes in herbage growth brought about by changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and temperature [9]. In terms of field crops, climate change has affected yield in several places. Some crop yields have increased in some places and decreased in others. Yield of some crops such sorghum has increased by 0.7% in sub-Saharan Africa and 0.9% in Asia due to favourable environments created by climate change [10]. In other instances, yield of some world staples such as rice and wheat are reducing on average by 0.3 and 0.9% respectively. In some studies, climate change was reducing food calories by 1% for the top 10 global crops. The food calory reduction is happening throughout the world, both in rich industrialised countries and poor countries.
