*2.5.3 Influence on disease vectors*

Changes in moisture and temperature regimes may impose limits on the distribution and the abundance of vectors. Often, low temperatures limit vector distribution because of high winter mortality and a relatively slow rate of population recovery during warmer seasons [20]. This is different with high temperatures as, limiting occurs when there is excessive moisture loss. Therefore, cooler, and high-altitude regions which were previously too cold for certain vectors may begin to allow them to flourish with climate change. Warmer regions could become even warmer and yet remain permissive for vectors if there is also increased precipitation or humidity. For example, biting midges and mosquito-borne diseases outbreaks have been linked to the occurrence of ENSO [25–27].
