*Water Scarcity Management in the Maghreb Region DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103788*

temperature, less rainfall and rising sea levels. With episodic droughts coupled with floods and the salty types of rocks found within the country all are combined factors which could severely disturb agricultural practices and availability of water reserves (which are already limited). Consequently, several farms lowered their wells and pumped more water to satisfy their needs, which will further put more pressure on already stressed aquifers.

Libya is a country with around 95% of its areas are deserts [21]. The climate of Libya is a Mediterranean climate which is characterized by a cool rainy winter season and a hot dry summer. Thus, this country is susceptible to more frequency of droughts, floods, sandstorms, dust storms, and desertification. Freshwater resources of Libya are very limited and originate mainly from four aquifers—Kufra, Sirt, Morzuk, and Hamada—the last three are close to depletion. In fact, people living in this region are facing absolute scarcity of water (below 500 m3 per year) and they will face more water risks across the supply with climate variability and its effects (rising in temperature and decline in precipitations). Libya's long periods of drought is expected to cause more threat in crops produce, particularly in areas where water supplies are already under pressure.

Mauritania is a vast Saharan country; it is located in one of the regions most affected by climate change. Mauritania is defined by very scarce and poorly documented water resources', with an average of 2800 m3 /inhabitant/year in 2014 [8]. Surface water (97% of renewable resources), where the majority of the inhabitants live in the coastal cities (Nouakchott and Nouadhi-bou) and in the Senegal River Valley which is used as a primary water source (it is far below the demand for potable water). This River remains at extreme risk of water shortage after being tormented by rising of temperature, drought for several consecutive years and the occurrence of floods and other extreme weather events. Therefore, climate change is certain to accelerate the depletion and degradation of water resources and thus to a reduction in production potential, increased livestock costs, generates more urban agglomerations and reduces grazing lands.
