*2.5.2 Influence on animal and crop hosts*

Climate change may bring about substantial shifts in diseases distribution, and outbreaks of severe diseases could occur in previously unexposed animal and plant populations. While livestock often have evolved genetic resistance to diseases to which they are commonly exposed, they may be highly susceptible to 'new diseases' [3]. For example, mammalian cell immunity level may be suppressed following a sharp exposure of light of ultraviolet B nature because of expected ozone layer depletion [23]. Ultraviolet B depletes specific lymphocyte cells and animals become susceptible to some pathogens such as viruses; rickettsia (such as *Cowdria* and *Anaplasma*, and some bacteria, such as *Brucella* [18]. Continued depletion of ozone layer would, therefore, possibly impact some animal diseases in future. Endemic stability of animals is likely to be disrupted for tick borne diseases such as anaplasmosis, babesiosis and cowdriosis that exhibit endemic stability [24]. If climate change drives such diseases to new areas, non-immune individuals of all ages in these regions will be newly exposed, and outbreaks of severe disease could follow [18].
