**4. Conclusion**

In this chapter, a nondestructive characterization method using an X-ray microscope was discussed. The method involves acquiring a high-resolution tomographic 3D images of the cotton fabrics, and is capable of providing reliable quantitative measurements. Yarn diameter, packing factor, yarn crimp, fabric thickness, volumetric density and fabric cover factor were measured and discussed. The measurements were also compared with those obtained from existing theory and classical test methods. The findings on cotton-based yarns and fabrics discussed in this chapter will also assist in non-destructive characterizations and performance evaluations of other natural and synthetic fibers, yarns and fabrics as well as other material classes.
