**2. Methods**

The studied waste deposit tailing ponds cover a surface area of approximately 9 decares, and they are 3 m deep at the northeast disposal area, and lowering 3–5 m deep at the eastern Mazıdağı water reservoir end. It is estimated that a total 1–0.5 million tonnes of hazardous leaching ferrite slime wastes are deposited from adjacent sulfuric acid unit that is grayish-black in color, and now found mostly in the north part of the Mazıdağ Etibakır plants. Groundwater investigation was carried out by 5 boreholes drilled 2-meter depth in the sludge slime deposit and 15 samples were collected at 1 m and 2 m depth from the muds for the analysis of pH, electrical conductivity, leachable Pb, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd and SO4. **Table 3** gives the chemical analysis taken from ponds 1 and 2.

The amount of binder is investigated in the strength of briquetted blocks at 10-mm cubic forms as reported on different weight rates of sludge waste. The contamination characteristics in 1 M HCl and H2SO4 soluble acid solutions are investigated with standard wastewater tests over the resulted effluents at the end of 1-h boiling. The sludge below <150-micron size is mixed with the sodium silicate sand fraction (–0.6mm + 150 microns) by microwave melting.

The Pb, Fe and Zn metal cations studied were sludge effluents were analyzed UV spectrophotometer from calibrated standards of 1–100 mg/l and leaching was carried out using HNO3 5N for a leaching period of 1 h with 75 ml of solution in the microwave. The sludge samples received from Mazıdağı are subjected analyses. The metal values of sludge in effluent analyses showed that sludge had 130 mg/l for Zn and 325 mg/l for Fe and 28 mg/l for Pb at pH: 5–6, 15% wet solute content.

Batch flasks using 10 gr solid samples dried as sludge slime were dried in the microwave oven at 10 minutes and then settled in 10-mm-diameter steel molds and compressed under 2-ton loading. The Na silicate mixed sample mixtures by Ermenek lignite/Şırnak asphaltite/Gediz lignite slime, shale and hazardous sludge to homogenization mixer in the experiments.

#### **2.1 Particle size distribution: asphaltite slime/lignite slimes**


This compost is especially sorbent used wastewater treatment. The fly ash compost granules are used as hazardous industrial wastewaters and the sorbent types and

#### **Table 3.**

*The compositions of sludge samples of Mazıdağı Etibakır Leaching Plant Tailing Ponds.*

desirable properties of activated and cleaned sorbents in the experiments are given in **Table 4** and chemistry is given in **Table 5** for geothermal waters used in neutralization.

M is mass of aggregate is, the void is affected by compaction of briquetting and binder distribution, and especially, melted asphalt and polymer distribution are controlled by volume % of compaction. The bulk elasticity will also be controlled by the amount of polymer-bound as a volume.where, γ*g*=\_density of aggregate, g/cm3; *V(r)* and *dN(r)* are the volume and particle amount of aggregate in the size region of integration of cumulative pile from *r, to r*+*dr*), respectively. *V*r volumetric equation is,

$$d\mathbf{M}r = \text{\textquotedblleft} \mathbf{V}(\mathbf{r})d\mathbf{N}(\mathbf{r})\tag{10}$$

$$V(\mathbf{r}) = k \, r^3 \tag{11}$$

where *k* is the shape factor.

Slime particle size distribution

Particle size distribution is defined by aggregate crushing matter,

$$\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{d}\_{\mathbf{f}}, \mathbf{c}) = (\chi/\mathbf{d}\_{\mathbf{f}}) \left(\mathbf{1} + \mathbf{k}/\mathbf{d}\_{\mathbf{f}} \left(\mathbf{x} - \chi\right)\right)^{-1/\mathbf{k}} \tag{12}$$

$$\text{Rss}(n) = f(n) \text{xW}(n) \sum\_{m=1}^{n} \mathbf{1}/(\mathbf{1} - r)^{m} \tag{13}$$


**Table 4.**

*The ash chemical analysis values of vitrification mixture filling materials of Şırnak province and lignite slimes.*


#### **Table 5.**

*The elemental analysis values of vitrification carbon mixture filling materials, Şırnak asphaltite slime, lignite.*

*Microwave Vitrification of Hazardous Sludge by Şırnak Asphaltite Slime… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101888*
