**3.2 SEM study**

The surface micrograph of sintered pure cum composite samples are shown in **Figure 2(a)** and **(b)**. These images reveal the existence of grains with different sizes and orientations in the samples. The pure sample consists of well-structured plate-like grains of various sizes distributed uniformly on the sample surface. At the same time, the composite consists of a mixture of three phases (BTFO, LSMO, and BFO). As LSMO grains exist in the nanometer range, it is difficult to identify from the SEM image. The average grain size of the pure and composite sample (mixed grains) is found to be 1.44 and 0.54 μm, respectively, which is estimated from the Image J software. The EDAX analysis is incorporated to analyze the sample's elemental composition, as shown in **Figure 2(c)** and **(d)**. The EDAX spectrum indicates the constituent elemental peaks of the Bi, Ti, Fe, O and Bi, Ti, Fe, La, Sr., Mn, and O for pure and composite samples. This analysis confirms the presence of the required element in the samples.

### **Figure 2.**

*(a) and (b) Backscattered SEM images of sintered BTFO and BLB523 samples, respectively. (c) and (d) The EDAX spectra of the corresponding pure and composite sample.*

*Structural, Magnetic, and Magnetodielectric Properties of Bi-Based Modified Ceramic Composites DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106569*
