**3. Characterization of BFO nanoparticle**

To understand and evaluate the potential impacts and harmful effects of nanoparticles (NPS), proper knowledge of their physic-chemical properties is required. This can only be achieved using appropriate techniques to provide all the necessary information about the interested nanoparticles (NPS). Several nanoparticles (NPS) measurement techniques vary in sensitivity and quality information about the sample. The most commonly utilizedmethods including x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Mossbauer spectroscopy (MS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)Several papers have reviewed some of the techniques for the manifestation of ferrite nanoparticles [58–61], as well as the size-dependent functional properties and possible use of BFO nanoparticles are discussed in this section.
