**12. Conclusion**

Global climate change creates a multifactorial, highly complex matrix of direct and indirect effects that have the potential to threaten international health security. The many domains that synergistically affect human health in the context of CC include environmental pollution, the emergence of invasive species and novel pathogens, food security, wildfires, and a broad range of destructive weather events. Of course, the complete list is much more extensive, and beyond the scope of the current chapter. In summary, the global community must come together to more effectively and more systematically address issues associated with the ongoing CC and its many direct and indirect effects. To pretend that CC "does not exist" will be, simply said, too costly.
