**2. Methodology**

The methodological design for this exploratory study is qualitative, with an ethnographic approach. Given the context of the Covid-19 global pandemic, the technique used to carry out this research was semi-structured distance interviews using videotelephony software. In the case of Chile, four leaders (one woman and four men) were interviewed through the Microsoft Teams platform, and in the case of Colombia, the five leaders interviewed (two women and three men) were carried out through the Zoom platform. In relation to the ethical aspects, the Faculty of Social and Sciences Economic supports the research at Universidad Católica de Chile as it complies with the ethical standards of the university considering that, all the participants gave verbal consent to participate in the research.

The organizations that participated from Chile were as follows: (i) Movimiento por el Agua y el Territorio, its leader is an agricultural technician, (ii) the Consejo Ecológico Comunal de Molina, its leader is a high school professor, (iii) the Escuela Agrícola Palquibudi, its leader is a professor, and (iv) the Organización No Gubernamental Sur Maule its leader is a Social Worker. In Colombia, the participating organizations were: (i) Sembradoras de Territorios, Aguas y Autonomías, its leader is a farmer, (ii) Asociación Campesina Antioqueña, its leader is a farmer, (iii) Vigías

del río Dormilón, its leader is a fisherman, (iv) Asociación Campesina del Valle del río Cimitarra, its leader is an agricultural technician, and (v) Movimiento Ríos Vivos its leader is a farmer.

The analysis of the information was carried out through the qualitative data collected from the accounts of the leaders interviewed through relevant and accurate quotations. More specifically, the analysis technique used was the comparative method, which consists of developing coding, and analysis of the data in a systematic way, comparing categories, assumptions, and properties that emerge through the coding and analysis process. Thus, this technique is the constant comparison of similarities and differences that are identified in qualitative data, with the aim of discovering patterns that are repeated. Therefore, after the interview transcription process, the interviews were analyzed by means of coding, this implies that the information was divided into categories, which allows to identify the similarities and differences in the information, and thus, be able to develop a complete analysis [22].
