See **Figure 24**.

**Figure 24.** *Process block diagram to produce dried chicory cells.*

*4.1.3.1 Mass balance calculation*

#### **Characteristics of Final Product:**

Form = Dried Cells Amount = 1 kg Purity = 98%. Humidity = 1%. Others (Impurities) = 1%. Based on the production of 5 g of dry biomass per 1 L of culture medium (3% Suсrose). The density of the nutrient medium - 1024 kg/m<sup>3</sup> . The yield of dry biomass, considering losses at the stages of cultivation, separation, and drying. Overall yield (ɳ) = 0.99 ∗ 0.95 ∗ 0.99 = 0.93%. Quantity of Liquid culture media (3% Sucrose) considering losses. Mass of culture medium = <sup>1</sup> <sup>∗</sup> 0, 001 <sup>∗</sup> <sup>1</sup>*:*<sup>024</sup> 0, 005 <sup>∗</sup> <sup>0</sup>*:*<sup>93</sup> = 220.22 kg. Considering losses (preparation and sterilisation) = 220.22/0.99/0.99 = 224.69 kg. Mass of sugar needed = 224.69 ∗ 0.03 = 6.74 kg. Iron chelate = 0.005 \* 224.69 = 1.12 kg. 1-Napthalene acetic acid = 0.0025 \* 224.69 = 5.12 kg. Kinetin = 0.001 \*224.69 = 0.56 kg. Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid = 0.001 \*204.80 = 0.22 kg. Macronutrients = 0.05 \*224.69 = 11.23 kg. Micronutrients = 0.001\*224.69 = 0.22 kg. Vitamins = 0.001\* 224.69 = 0.22 kg. Total = 13.82 kg. Quantity of water was calculated as: Amount water needed = Amount of Liquid media All solids (All media compositions) Sugar Amount of Water needed = 224.69–13.82 6.74 (sugar) = 204.13 kg. **Summary of Raw Materials needed:** Sugar = 6.74 kg All solids = 13.82 Water = 204.13 kg.

**Raw Materials:**

#### *4.1.3.2 First stage: Preparation of culture media*

Process Yield (ɳ) = 99%. See **Table 6**.



#### **Table 6.**

*Mass balance preparation of culture media.*

#### *4.1.3.3 Second stage: Autoclaving*

Process Yield (ɳ) = 99%. See **Table 7**.


#### **Table 7.**

*Mass balance for autoclaving.*

*4.1.3.4 Third stage: Cultivation of cells process: Yield (ɳ) = 99%*

Cultivation time – 336 h. Air Consumption – 0.06 m<sup>3</sup> /min Air Density – 1.39 kg/m<sup>3</sup> . Mass of Air = 336\*60\*0.06\* 1.39 = 1681.34 kg. See **Table 8**.



#### **Table 8.**

*Mass balance for cultivation of cells.*

#### *4.1.3.5 Fourth stage: Cell separation*

Process Yield (ɳ) = 95%. See **Table 9**.


#### **Table 9.**

*Mass balance for cell separation.*

#### *4.1.3.6 Fifth stage: Drying of cells*

Process: Yield (ɳ) = 99%. See **Table 10**.


#### **Table 10.** *Mass balance for drying cells.*
