**2. Materials and methods**

#### **2.1 Trial conditions**

This research was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Cukurova, which was conducted under a 21 m, 9 m, and 3 m in length, width, and height greenhouse covered with UV plastic with a thickness of 0.4 mm. During the research, no heating process was done in the greenhouse.

#### **2.2 Plant material**

As plant material, own-rooted Early Cardinal grape (*V. vinifera* L.) cv. grown in soilless culture was used. To produce plant material, cuttings from Early Cardinal grapes (*V. vinifera* L.) grown were planted in perlite pools on January 15, 2018, and irrigated immediately after planting. Rooting of cutting occurred after approximately 90 days at a satisfactory level. Well-rooted cuttings were selected and transplanted into 32-liter plastic pots containing four different solid growing media, namely, zeolite, cocopeat, zeolite+cocopeat (Z + C) (1:1, v:v), and Z + C (1:2, v:v). A total of three different nutrient solutions were applied to the rooted cuttings: two chemical nutrient solutions (Hoagland (H) and Hoagland A (HA- adapted to the vine) and organic liquid worm fertilizer (OLWF) (**Table 1**). Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur, and boron concentrations in the modified Hoagland solution were reduced between 3.2% (phosphorus) and 76.5% (sulfur) compared with Hoagland, and on the other hand, iron 2, manganese 6, zinc 20, and molybdenum 5 fold have been increased. With the same amount of solution in volume, more N, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were given than Hoagland A and Hoagland through OLWF. The pots were placed in the greenhouse with a distance of 1.50 m between rows and 0.60 m in rows. After planting, a well-irrigation was performed to saturate the cultivation media.

One-year-old vines entered the resting period at the end of the first year were pruned and trained to a guyot system to prepare for the crop year, on January 31, 2019. About 20 buds were left per vine. The number of clusters of the vines was equal to 12 clusters by removing the excessive clusters on May 24, 2019, after the berry set. Grapevines were given different solutions within the second vegetation year, starting from the bud burst.

The pH value of the tap water used in the experiment was 7.68, and the EC value was 0.813 mS cm−1. The amount of water given to the plants varied between 1 and


#### **Table 1.**

*Composition and formula of chemical and organic nutrient solutions used in the trial.*

3 L pot−1 per day according to the water-holding capacity of the growth medium. The total amount of nutrients applied per plant in the first and crop year of the experiment is shown in **Table 2**.
