**Stage 3: Callus Cultivation.**

Cells of Chicory were inoculated in the sterile liquid culture media under controlled parameters of 16 hours light intensity phase at 24°C and 8 hours dark phase at 18°C for 1 week.

#### **Stage 4: Separation.**

A total of 5 ml of starter was pipetted into six centrifuge tubes, and centrifugation was done for 10 mins at 5000 rpm at 15°C. Thus, the aliquot was separated, and 5 ml of sterile water was added to the supernatant and centrifugation was repeated twice.

#### **Stage 5: Drying.**

Six (6) filter papers were dried in the oven for 9 hours at 60 °C, and the empty weight of the filter paper was obtained, and the weight of the filter with the sample was also obtained. The samples were later placed in the oven for 24 hours at 60°C. The weight of the dried sample on the filter was weighed. The fresh and dry weights were determined.

### *4.1.3 Process block diagram to produce dried chicory*
