**5. Therapeutic approaches in COVID-19**

SARS-Cov-2 infections currently have no vaccinations or antiviral therapies available [44]. Because developing safe and stable vaccines takes time and the pandemic is still going on, it's critical to test and discover current medications that are already effective against SARS and MERS to determine whether they can be effectively applied to SARSCov-2. Various preclinical studies on other CoVs genetically very close to SARS-Cov-2 suggested that promising clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients should be obtained by using several drugs including alphainterferon, chloroquine phosphate, arabinol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In a large-scale drug screening, nelfinavir has potent antiviral activity against SARS-Cov-2 [45]. Besides, praziquantel, pitavastatin, and perampanel might be effective against SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak of COVID-19 infection is related to the unavailability of specific drugs to combat this viral infection. Despite the challenges related to COVID-19 therapy, there are still several approaches being undertaken that show significant outcomes [5]. Discuss the positive impacts of some of the clinically used drugs for the COVID-19. Some drugs are in clinical trials, and some have shown significant promise in COVID-19 patients [46]. To find the solutions for COVID-19, great efforts have been made and are continued to develop vaccines, small-molecule drugs, or monoclonal antibodies that can prevent the infection [47]. In addition to drugs under clinical trials, some vaccines are expected to play a significant role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic (**Figure 2**).
