**1. Introduction**

According to the World Bank, the world generates 2.01 billion tonnes of MSW every year and is expected to increase by 70% by 2050 [1]. The mean global temperature increased by 1.9°F since 1880 and is credited to an increase in human activities like waste generation [2]. Specifically, food waste is a global concern with up to 1/3rd of food produced being wasted in high-income countries and this makes it the world's third-largest emitter [3]. The global population, urbanisation, and economic growth are identified to have a strong correlation to how much waste is produced and yet by 2050, the world population is anticipated to increase to more than 9 billion people

with developing economies accounting for 85% of the global population [4] and with the number of people living in urban areas increasing to 6 billion [5].

WTE technologies, through converting the waste generated to energy, are a partial renewable energy source because of the waste that comprises of biomass material like paper, card, and timber. Even though these biodegradable wastes might emit carbon dioxide when burned, the process of photosynthesis enables the plants to absorb the CO2 and this is regarded as a short-term cycle. Note that the waste which is fossil fuelbased generates GHG and contributes to climate changes [6, 7].

Developing countries are failing to invest in waste management and the cry is to take immediate action to reduce this or the effects of waste on the environment through waste management techniques [8]. Also, developed countries are currently promoting economic and social wellbeing through energy supply yet the energy needs of developing countries are still straining to the respective governments [5]. The success of WTE in Europe is observed by determined investors who trust the technology could work in Africa [9] hence there is a need to exploit the possibility of applying sustainable WTE technologies to meet the growing energy needs while improving the SWM system.
