**5. Conclusion**

Bioremediation is a cutting-edge and promising approach for treating contaminated soil and water. Microorganisms are also known to generate and use a variety of detoxification methods, including biosorption, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and biomineralization for the remediation of the contaminated site during the bioremediation process. However, recent bioremediation research, such as bioturbation, which uses live organisms (macrofauna) directly or indirectly with the environment to eliminate toxins, is gaining momentum. The use of organisms to detoxify and recover polluted soil and water has emerged as the most robust, straightforward, and profitable technique. Microorganisms in water and soil have been studied and equipped to eliminate or detoxify harmful compounds discharged into the ecosystem due to anthropogenic processes such as mineral mining, oil and gas production, pesticides, pigments, plastic, organic solvents, fuel, and industrial operations. Nevertheless, a lack of data on microorganisms' cell reactivity to minor components and heavy metal poisons precludes their successful implementation. As such, the application of molecular genetic technology will enhance the efficiency and address most of the challenges in the large scale application of bioremediation technology.
