**3.4 Compaction**

The filler materials used in the pasting compost at 20% volume rate are viewed in **Figure 6**. Shale particles contained high porosity reaching 7.8% in the compost. The

**Figure 7.** *Relative compaction changes of paste fill with Şırnak limestone, asphaltite slime char, and Şırnak shale after load indentation.*

limestone's water absorption values were lower with asphaltite slime at about 2–3.5%. The filler mixing combinations are given in **Table 7**.

The effect of fly ash and Şırnak asphaltite and shale on compost density with asphalt mixing is illustrated in **Figure 7**.

In this study, the mechanical properties of local limestone and mine waste stone of Şırnak asphaltite slime and shale are used as filler for the purpose of asphalt sludge filler paste production. The waste slime asphaltite and Şırnak char are ground below 4 mm at the coarser part of 5% weight ratio. Şırnak shale and 15% Silopi fly ash are prepared as a binder cementing matter of sludge mixture of paste. The pressed blocks were manufactured in 50 50 10 mm like pile blocks, 10 mm thick bending strength, impact resistance, friction, abrasion loss, compaction distance were determined by the experiments. The ability of paste in the pile blocks to compact loss asphalt bitumen and water desorption are analyzed.

These experiments show that local rock cement mixtures and elaborate the application of cementing technique with silica fume used and it prevents the coating applied to moisturize the strengthening of historic buildings Sirnak region as a result and is determined to carry out the consolidation.

#### **3.5 Shear load and compression strength analysis**

It is determined that the 90°C temperature accelerates the melting of asphalt bitumen. These technological applications can be further developed with the evaluability of local natural stone powder in paste backfill. The strength of sludge paste pile blocks produced is reduced 7.2 to 6.4 MPa. Lower asphalt weight increased mechanical strength of pasted pile block with compaction been advantageous. Thus, the ideal compacting load of 100 kg tight aggregates with the block and pasted block resistance of the produced slag mixture may arise from 8.3 to 9.2 MPa.

*Hazardous Waste Granule Composting by Cycled Retort Using Microwave Radiated… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101676*

**Figure 8.** *Compression strength of paste fill material rocks.*

#### **Figure 9.** *Point load I strength of paste fill material rocks.*

The results are shown in **Figures 8** and **9**. Indentation tests of the rock types were determined by a drill machine at 10 mm bit diameter due to the correlation of rock strengths underground mining cavity conditions.

#### **3.6 Paste fill block production and compaction analysis**

Asphalt and fly ash binders are raised to 10–45% weight ratio at different mixtures and 20% wet hazardous sludge and strength properties of prepared mixture paste with asphalt melted compost.

The water/binder (w/B) ratio is decided to be 20%/10–45% as a result of preliminary experiments. Pasting 5% melted asphalt is sufficient. The amount of each series fly ash composting fines are sorted asphalt and sludge in pile blocks and determined the compressive strength after drying blocks.

#### **Figure 10.**

*Char addition weight of pile paste blocks with paste fill vs. UCS test results: 1. Shale 2. Sirnak limestone 3. Sirnak limestone.*

#### **4. Conclusions**

Fly ash fine-texture and sludge mixing were homogeneous and the contamination act of sludge decreased at half amount rate by addition of 20% fly ash addition to paste mixture. The char carbon will also ten times decrease the metal contamination to water sources. The texture of low asphalt and emulsified hıgh bitumen content lowered the compaction resistance by increasing structure strength.

Especially the compact loading resistivity increased over 1500 kg for 70 mm barrel loading on which the resistance is kept as high as 20 mm displacement as high. Sand content of sludge was lower than the limestone so that this gradation provided high durability and less cracking during compaction loading final product briquettes and lower abrasion resistance.

**Figure 10** shows the 1000 kg loading was suitable for long durability and optımum briquetting outputs. The stability was varied depending on the amount of fly ash and Şırnak asphaltite slime contained in the pasting relative to the pore contents in the micro-structural texture of asphalt compost. The pore density will decrease by low asphalt content and compaction resulting in the development of impermeable surface on the compost briquettes consequently.

The apparent uniaxial compressive strength test of Şırnak limestone showed sufficient substrate gradation and porous texture with high Los Angeles values of 67% at 4.5 mm granules. The gradation was suitable for high compaction ability and Şırnak limestone exhibited low porosity and water sorption 0.8%.

The higher compaction over 1000 kg provided sufficient permeability and compression strength values and higher shear resistance with lower cracking over time period of dynamical stress loads related to landfill application.

#### **Symbols**


*Hazardous Waste Granule Composting by Cycled Retort Using Microwave Radiated… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101676*

