**D. Risks of infection to the public**

Analysis of the microbiological content of MSW and HCW has shown similar concentrations of microorganisms in both types of wastes. According to the microbiological study of HCW and MSW, 2% of blood-stained waste was positive for

hepatitis viruses, and poliovirus and echovirus were recovered from soiled diapers in MSW [24]. Some infectious waste can stay infectious for many years if disposed without being sterilized. For example, anthrax-infected cattle contain spores that are known for many decades in dry soil [20, 25]. Therefore, dumping site management is required if infectious HCW must be directly disposed without any treatment.
