**5.1 Lipid peroxidation**

LPO is the degradation of lipids by free radicals and is assessed by measuring the levels of its marker, malondialdehyde (MDA). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay is used to measure MDA, where it reacts with TBA and produces a pink-coloured complex [51]. MDA is formed by the free radicals generated from LPO and causes protein oxidation. Several lines of evidence suggest that exposing rats to ACR have high contents of MDA in the brain when compared to control groups [33, 40, 44, 47].
