**Acronyms and abbreviations**

ACR: acrylamide; NOAEL: no-observed-adverse-effect limit; LOAEL: lowest observed adverse effect level; BMDL: benchmark dose lower confidence limit; PAM: polyacrylamide; CYPs: Cytochrome; GA: glycidamide; CNS: central nervous system; PNS: peripheral nervous system; MT: melatonin; GSH: glutathione; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; SH: bisulfide; NH2: azanide; OH: hydroxide; NT: neurotransmitters; TBA: thiobarbituric acid; LA: linolenic acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; GST: glutathione S-transferase; MDA: malondialdehyde; DNPH: dinitrophenylhydrazine; TERT: telomerase reverse transcriptase; ROS: reactive oxygen species; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substance; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling; AChE: acetylcholinesterase; DA: dopamine; Bcl2: B-cell lymphoma 2; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; LPO: lipid peroxidation; NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; Keap-1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; DOPA: 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; BBB: blood brain barrier; AD: Alzheimer's disease; PD: Parkinson's disease; HD: Huntington's disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and MS: multiple sclerosis.
