**Acknowledgements**

The success of this research has been achieved due to the invaluable contributions of various individuals. I would like to take this opportunity to acknowledge their efforts:

I would also like to express gratitude to the headmaster of Petrojet Company (Suez) for providing welding process and collaboration.

Furthermore, I want to thank all my friends who gave me a wonderful time to support me to finish this chapter, especially, Dr. Eng. Ahmed M. Fouad, Dr. Asmaa Fouad, Dr. Fadel Shaaban, Dr. Waheed S. A. Barakat and Dr. Mohamed I. Habba. I would like to wish them all good luck in their further carrier, and of course. I hope we remain friends.
