*1.2.2 Synonyms of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing*

The WAAM is presently well-known synonym for Directed Energy Deposition-Arc (DED-arc) that enables the need well to fabricate, any of the


### **Table 1.**

*Different terms used for WAAM by others worldwide.*

engineering structures with very near net shapes but not to the exact shapes. As known, Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a welding based fabrication process used to 3D print metal parts. The WAAM is also used to repair the metal parts as well [9]. Cold Metal Transfer mode in the welding process is now extended particularly to avoid the problems due to heat accumulation during weld layers deposition is simply now announced as CMT-WAAM by Fronius [7], a company working vigorously in worldwide welding. Sometimes because of the reason of using solid metal, it may also be referred as Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) for both AM as well as welding based AM process. Hence, the WAAM synonyms include the terms such as DED-wire process, 3D Printing process, Wire and Laser AM (WLAM), Electron Beam Freedom Fabrication (EBFF), Metal AM process, Welding based AM process, and CMT-WAAM process. Many have referred to this welding based AM process by various terms [9]. They are clearly represented in **Table 1**.
