**2.4 Sample size and sampling technique**

The sample size for the study is 27 water sources (sampling sites) within Jalingo metropolis. Purposive sampling was used to select the nine (9) wards in Jalingo metropolis. Random sampling was used to select 27 sampling sites, three (3) sampling sites each per ward.

#### **2.5 Sources of data**

The primary data was sourced through Ground Truth Observations (GTOs) in the field. This includes collection of water samples from three (3) major locations from each of the nine wards; Sarkin Dawaki(SD), TurakiA(TA), Turaki B(TB), Majidadi(MD), Kachalla Sembe(KS), Kona(KL), Sintali A(SA), Sintali B(SB) and Barade(BR) in Jalingo Metropolis.

#### **Figure 2.**

*Administrative map of the study area (min. Of Land & Survey, Jalingo).*


*Source: Adejuwon and Adelakun [18]. Where: NAFDAC-National Administration for Food, Drugs and Control, SON-Standard Organization of Nigeria, FEPA-Federal Environmental Protection Agency, United Nation International Children's Emergency Fund-UNICEF and WHO-World Health Organization.*

#### **Table 1.**

*Selected national and international water quality standard guidelines.*

The secondary data were obtained from journal publications, books, WHO water standards, online articles, published and unpublished theses.
