**9. Prevention**

Many studies evaluated the techniques and recommendation to decrease the incidence of postoperative dysphasia following ACSS.

#### **9.1 Steroid therapy**

The intra-operative local application of steroids in is regarded as a preventive measure to abort the development of postoperative dysphagia. This is based on the pathogenesis, as soft tissue swelling, and local inflammation will be decrease when the steroids are used. In this respect the use of IV Methylprednisolone is recommended [45], while the local application of triamcinolone in the retropharyngeal space may decrease the incidence of dysphagia postoperatively [46].
