*2.3.1.3 Antioxidant activity*

*In vivo* and *in vitro* investigations have shown that *N. sativa* possesses potent antioxidant properties [67]. Collagen-induced arthritis was used to test the antioxidant and antiarthritic effects of thymoquinone in *Wistar* rats [52]. After two months of contemporaneous ingestion of *Allium sativum* and *N. sativa* seed, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly reduced, with enhanced activity in erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase [68].
