*4.3.1 Hyperglycemia*

Presence of hyperglycemia is linked with a pro-inflammatory environment. Retinal cells when incubated in high glucose environment led to increased production of iNOS, COX-2 and leukotrienes [25]. Furthermore, Joussen et al. in 2004 demonstrated diabetic retinopathy like disease following a sugar rich diet in laboratory mice. This was associated with leukostasis and increased vascular permeability [26].
