**3. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis and RNTCP**

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global public health issue that requires immediate response. There are three separate but overlapping components to current global efforts to control tuberculosis: humanitarian, public health, and economic. The main humanitarian concern for a patient-centred approach to TB control is to reduce TB-related sickness, suffering, and mortality. To reduce disease transmission, the public health dimension focuses on correct identification and treatment of patients with tuberculosis. This involves the creation of well-structured tuberculosis control programmes (responsive and adaptable to the reforming health sector). The advent of medication resistance to treat tuberculosis, particularly multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), has become a major public health issue and a roadblock to successful TB control [2]. In the presence of pharmaceuticals, drug resistance manifests itself as a selective expansion of resistant mutants among the actively growing bacillary population. The prevalence of drug resistant mutants in the susceptible bacillary population, the size of the actively growing bacillary population in the lesions, and the antimicrobial quality of the medications utilised all influence the formation of drug resistance [35, 36].
