**Abstract**

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease spread through the air that is treated with a combination of drugs. Compliance to long-term antituberculosis therapy is vital for sustaining adequate blood drug level. Inadequate medical management of patients is a major factor in the emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant Mycobacterium TB strains. The necessity to understand the context of individual and collective health when considering tuberculosis treatment remains a difficulty. Furthermore, when it comes to treatment success, social and economic factors have been demonstrated to be aspects that must be considered. Because of the poor, expensive, ineffective, and toxic alternatives to first-line medications, the therapeutic approach for drugresistant tuberculosis is complicated. New antituberculosis medications (bedaquiline and delamanid) have recently been licenced by health authorities; however, they do not constitute a definitive answer for the clinical management of drug-resistant tuberculosis forms, especially in middle-income countries where drug resistance is common (China, India, and former Soviet Union countries). There is an immediate need for new research and development initiatives. To sustain both new and ancient therapeutic choices, public health policies are essential. We did a thorough review of national and international literature on tuberculosis treatment in India in recent years with the goal of providing advice to health care providers based on the scenario.

**Keywords:** tuberculosis, drug-resistant, mycobacterium, antituberculosis, medications, health policies
