**10. Another strategy we can follow is prevent transmission through infection control**

Effective infection control measures are crucial in clinical facilities that treat TB and M/XDR-TB patients, according to the WHO Policy on Infection Control [71, 80, 81]. The plan of action comprises administrative, environmental, and management controls [73, 77, 81].

It is well recognised that poverty increases M. tuberculosis transmission, TB mortality rates, and TB incidence [71, 82]. Even in wealthy nations, detecting and treating MDR-/XDR-TB can be expensive. However, using new medications may be more affordable [73]. The correct application of modern diagnostic tools and medications, along with the fundamental measures provides the foundation for the prevention and control of MDR-TB [72, 77, 83–89]. Recently, efforts to end TB have concentrated on latent TB infection (LTBI) diagnosis and treatment as well as TB control in risk groups (displaced populations) [71, 73]. To identify LTBI in high risk and vulnerable groups, interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) or Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) are both advised, while novel regimens comprising rifampicin and rifapentine are currently advised, being especially helpful in isoniazid resistant cases [73]. The majority of TB infections are found among migrants and refugees in various high-income nations, and these populations are the main source of new cases among locals [71, 73]. Those vulnerable groups should have unrestricted access to TB services after moving to a new country, and quick, excellent TB and LTBI management should be ensured. Clinical professionals have a moral obligation to properly manage both drug-susceptible and MDR-TB in order to meet TB elimination targets [73].
