**2. The maintenance of a weight loss**

Several criteria for "successful weight loss maintain" have been developed during the last 10 years. Successful weight loss managers, according to Avnell, are "persons who have consciously dropped at least 10% of their body weight and maintained it off for at least one year." A persistent weight reduction of roughly 5–10% of baseline body weight, according to Barners, indicates a high level of effectiveness. The 2013 American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC), and Term of Service (TOS) Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults also recommends this aim as shown in **Figure 2** [15].

The preceding criteria all agree that good weight management does not need a huge weight decrease, but rather a modest 5–10% reduction. This level of weight reduction, from a clinical standpoint, dramatically lowers the risk of type 2 diabetes in susceptible people and removes the majority of the additional hazards linked to obesity [16]. Furthermore, even minor weight reduction has been shown to enhance mental wellbeing, including happiness, self-image, and bingeing [17].

Teixeria et al. [18] definition adds two more weight-maintenance markers. First and foremost, fat loss should be planned. Such a parameter is critical since various studies have found that inadvertent weight loss is widespread and might have unique causes and impacts than deliberate weight reduction. Weight loss must be sustained for at least one year. This criterion was established as an acceptable goal for study into the elements that enable people to sustain their weight loss. Nevertheless, the term "success" might imply a considerably extra duration of weight management, ideally throughout the rest of one's life [19].

### **Figure 2.**

*Weight loss and weight control scope of the study Weight loss is attributed to a reduction of at minimum 10% of benchmark body mass, while weight stabilization is defined as maintaining a body mass of at minimum 10% less than initial body mass for at minimum one year.*

### **2.1 Physical activity**

The quantity of energy exerted vs the quantity of energy eaten influences weight fluctuations. As a result, weight gain will occur if the metabolic rate stays low but food levels of consumption are excessive. Some researchers suggest that decreases in regular exercise, both at work and in leisure, may have played a significant part in the rising obesity prevalence over the previous 30 years [20].

In addition, several epidemiological data imply that physical activity plays a key role in weight growth. Low levels of self-reported recreational physical activity were related to three-fold increased risk of substantial weight gain in males and even a four-fold larger hazard in women, according to [21] who used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and he found that in a retrospective study of 34,079 middle-aged women (mean: 52.2 years), the chance of increased weight over three years was 11 percent higher in women who engaged in fewer than 7.5 metabolic equivalents (MET).

For overweight people who are healthful, enhanced physical activity and exercise are part of a complete weight-loss plan. The capacity to create and maintain an exercise regime is one of the strongest indicators of results of this case in the therapy of overweight [22]. Exercise and fitness regimens that are required to satisfy the forces' physical preparedness demands overall, and for weight management, in particular, can be boosted by the presence of engaging in physical activity in army facilities. The intensity, length, frequency, and kind of physical exercise for a specific individual will be determined by pre-existing medical issues, past activity levels, physical constraints, and personal preferences. Individuals who have more than one of the aforementioned mitigating situations may need to be referred for extra expert examination [23]. Physical activity has several advantages that can be experienced

*Inability to Understand the Complexity of Maintaining Weight Loss and the Complications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105362*

even if weight loss is not achieved. One of the advantages, an increase in high-density low-density lipoprotein, has been demonstrated to be achievable with a minimum of 10–11 h of cardiovascular exercise each month as shown below in **Figure 3** [24].

### **2.2 Alterations of habits and attitudes**

By use of habit and varying levels of intensity in weight control is based on a weight of information indicating people develop or stay obese as a consequence of adjustable routines or activities, and that weight reduction and maintenance may be achieved by modifying those tendencies [25]. The main aim of psychological weight-control techniques is to promote a healthy lifestyle and reduce calorie intake via changing dietary patterns. Cognitive treatment can be given to a single person or a group of people. Individuals typically participate in 15–30 weekly sessions lasting 2–3 h each, with a weight-loss objective of 2–3 pounds each week. Behavioral techniques were formerly used as hold therapies to just change eating patterns and lower calorie intake. Nevertheless, these methods have lately been applied to induce weight reduction and as an element of routine maintenance in addition to low diets, nutritional support therapy, proper nutrition, fitness programs, supervision, pharmaceutical medications, and social protection as shown in **Figure 4** [26].

### **2.3 Input efforts and self-control**

One of the pillars of behavioral interventions is the identity of nutritional intake and physical exercise, which allows the client to establish a sense of social responsibility. Participants are advised to keep a usual dietary diary in which participants note what they did eat, how very much patients did eat, where and when they did

**Figure 3.** *Physical activity guideline.*

### **Figure 4.** *Engagement in a new way of life.*

eat it, and the environment in which they started eating it. Individuals may also be required to keep a log sheet of their physical activity. Self-monitoring of food intake is frequently linked to a rapid decrease in energy consumption and, as a result, losing weight. This decrease in food intake is thought to be the consequence of greater food consciousness and/or fear of what the nutritionist or nutritional therapist may say about the participant's eating habits. Food diaries are also used to discover internal and social variables that lead to excess eating, as well as to choose and implement appropriate weight-loss techniques for the person [27].

The same might be said for regular exercise tracking, even though the little study has been done in this area. Self-control also allows therapists and clients to assess which approaches are effective and how changes in sleep and eating habits or exercise affect weight reduction [28].
