**1. Introduction**

Obesity is one of the modern world challenges, which has become epidemic and has negatively affected population health. Obesity and overweight, which in most cases accompany metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, are among the independent risk factors for overall mortality, including death from cardiovascular disease

and cancer [1]. In recent years, special attention has been given to the sedentary lifestyle of people of almost all ages, as it is proven that lack of physical activity is an independent significant factor in deteriorating health. A meta-analysis of studies examining the relationship between physical activity and overall mortality showed that a higher level of total physical activity of any intensity and less time spent in sedentary behaviors are associated with a significant reduction in the risk of overall mortality [2].

In addition to physical inactivity, eating disorders, and intestinal microbiota status, the causes of obesity include genetic factors, such as gene polymorphisms and epigenetic modifications. Weight loss training programs are the major means of obesity prevention, cardiovascular fitness improvement, and body mass reduction. However, the effectiveness of these programs ranges from 79–83%. The outcomes of exercise training aimed at weight loss in overweight and obese adults depend on individual characteristics of the body, such as morphological and metabolic features, developed under the influence of hereditary and environmental factors throughout life. A number of informative biochemical, genetic, epigenetic, and microbiotic markers can be used to determine the most effective mode of exercise training according to individual metabolic characteristics.

The current situation in the world only exacerbates it drawing attention to the increased risk of COVID-19-related death in overweight and obese people. The problem of being overweight in light of the current epidemic situation is further exacerbated as the quarantine restrictions, which are periodically imposed by state and municipal authorities, contribute to the spread of hypodynamia among the population. The stress provoked by the epidemic situation triggers destructive eating behaviors with excessive calorie density. Hypodynamia and excessive calorie density make them gain weight even more and lead to greater health risks. The urgency of this problem stipulates the need to develop a personalized approach to designing physical exercise programs for obese people and assess the impact of individual markers of obesity on the effectiveness of such programs.
