**10. Vitamin B3 (Nicotinamide, Niacin) for blocking cytokine storm in inflammation**

Niacin is a component of NAD and NADP, which are both essential during chronic systemic inflammatory responses [34]. NAD+ works as a coenzyme in a broad variety of metabolic pathologies, and its elevated concentrations are crucial for dealing with a range of scenarios. NAD+ has immunomodulatory effects that are proven to affect proinflammatory cytokines throughout initial inflammatory periods [35, 36]. Current proof shows that IL-6 can regulate inflammatory storm in COVID-19 patients [37]. Niacin also decreases neutrophil infiltration and has an anti-inflammatory impact in ventilator-induced patients. Nicotinamide and niacin in hamsters minimise injury to the lung tissue [38]. Nicotinamide also minimises replication of virus and reinforces body mechanisms of protection. It can be used as an additional treatment for COVID-19 patients with a view to the lung protective and immune bolstering role of niacin [39].
