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## Meet the editors

Dr. Kuru Bektaşoğlu graduated from the School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2014. She completed a neurosurgical residency in 2021 and obtained a Ph.D. in Physiology from Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences. For six months, she worked as a research fellow at the Department of Neurological Surgery, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey, where she studied white matter fiber dissection. Dr. Bektaşoğlu

has published forty papers in international and national journals and presented them at numerous international and national meetings. She has written one book and eight book chapters. She has a keen interest in neurovascular and neurooncological surgeries. She would like to pursue her research career in translational neuroscience with a special emphasis on vascular and tumor biology.

Dr. Gürer graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey, in 2007. He completed his neurosurgical residency in 2013. For six months, he worked as a research fellow in the Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, USA, where he studied cranial base and neurovascular surgery. In 2016, he became the youngest associate professor of neurosurgery in his country. Until 2021 he worked as an

educational supervisor at the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. In May 2021, he was appointed Professor of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey. Dr. Gürer has published more than eighty papers in international and national journals. He has also written three books and seven book chapters. He has a keen interest in complex neurovascular, neuro-oncological, and skull base surgeries. He is currently continuing his clinical practice at VM Medical Park Mersin Hospital, Turkey.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

of the Brain

Hydrocephalus *by Hüseyin Yakar*

**Section 3**

**Section 4**

*by Roger Bayston*

**Preface XI**

Anatomy, Physiology and History of Cerebrospinal Fluid **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus **33**

**Chapter 3 35**

**Chapter 4 67**

Obstructive Hydrocephalus **85**

**Chapter 5 87**

Infection **125**

**Chapter 6 127**

*by Hayriye Soytürk, Murat Yılmaz, Cansu Önal, Eylem Suveren and Ümit Kılıç*

History, Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology of the Ventricles

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Revisiting the Hydrodynamics

*by Fernando Hakim, Daniel Jaramillo-Velásquez, Martina González,* 

Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Management of Normal Pressure

Lesions at the Foramen of Monro Causing Obstructive Hydrocephalus *by Ashish Chugh, Sarang Gotecha, Prashant Punia and Neelesh Kanaskar*

Infections in CSF Shunts and External Ventricular Drainage

*Diego F. Gómez, Juan F. Ramón and Mateo Serrano-Pinzón*

and Physiology of the Cerebrospinal Fluid *by Pinar Kuru Bektaşoğlu and Bora Gürer*

Circulation of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

### Contents



Preface

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced and absorbed at constant rates, maintaining ionic homeostasis. Any disruption in this well-regulated system, such as overproduction,

This book includes essential knowledge about the anatomy of brain ventricles, physiology, and history of cerebrospinal fluid, main pathologies related to cerebrospinal fluid and ventricles such as infection and intraventricular hemorrhage as well as related treatment strategies. Special consideration is given to normal pressure hydrocephalus. As our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis evolves, so too does our ability to develop future novel treatments for managing

**Pinar Kuru Bektaşoğlu, MD, Ph.D.**

Istinye University School of Medicine,

Department of Neurosurgery,

Professor of Neurosurgery,

Department of Neurosurgery,

İstanbul, Turkey

**Bora Gürer, MD**

İstanbul, Turkey

Neurosurgeon at University of Health Sciences,

Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital,

decreased absorption, or obstruction, could lead to hydrocephalus.

cerebrospinal fluid-related pathologies.

Preface

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced and absorbed at constant rates, maintaining ionic homeostasis. Any disruption in this well-regulated system, such as overproduction, decreased absorption, or obstruction, could lead to hydrocephalus.

This book includes essential knowledge about the anatomy of brain ventricles, physiology, and history of cerebrospinal fluid, main pathologies related to cerebrospinal fluid and ventricles such as infection and intraventricular hemorrhage as well as related treatment strategies. Special consideration is given to normal pressure hydrocephalus. As our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis evolves, so too does our ability to develop future novel treatments for managing cerebrospinal fluid-related pathologies.

#### **Pinar Kuru Bektaşoğlu, MD, Ph.D.**

Neurosurgeon at University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, İstanbul, Turkey

#### **Bora Gürer, MD**

Professor of Neurosurgery, Istinye University School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, İstanbul, Turkey

### Section 1
