**10. Summary**

This chapter has demonstrated the feasibility of combining or integrating natural enemies with certain pesticides including systemic insecticides, insect growth regulators, selective feeding blockers, microbials, miticides, and fungicides. There are three primary means by which natural enemies integrated with pesticides including pesticide selection, spatial separation of natural enemies and pesticides, and temporal discontinuity between natural enemies and pesticides [114]. Indirect effects are evaluated to determine if pesticides are compatible with natural enemies [29]. Indirect effects depending on concentration, natural enemy species, pesticide exposure time, developmental life stage(s) evaluated, and the influence of residues and repellency [50].
