**8. Future perspectives**

Insecticide resistance management is the only way to reduce the selection pressure of insecticides. Newer tools are needed to be designed to detect the resistance apart from the existing phenotypic and genotypic methods. The lack of adequate research and development of methods for resistance detection is a major obstacle in insecticide management. Advancements in these areas hold the potential to eradicate vector borne diseases in the future and must be promoted. There are many approaches of genetic and proteomics studies for resistance detection which are yet unutilized for certain vectors such as *Leishmania*, *Triatomine*, and *Glossina*, indicating that much work needs to be done in this area. The development of these techniques can pave the way to study alterations in the physiology of vectors at genetic level due to insecticide resistance. The various other factors influencing the resistance development in vectors such as seasonality, distribution of vectors in given geographical area, alterations at allelic level which may lead to modified phenotypic traits are yet to be explored. An overall understanding of the vector species, their genotypes, phenotypes and proteomes involved in insecticide resistance for various vectors is required. Such models will help in deploying various vector control strategies optimally, and will also help in innovating newer methods to combat insecticide resistance.
