**9. Conclusions**

The key component of vector control programmes is the use of insecticides, however, a timely emergence of resistance in insects is very crucial for the success *Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Medically Important Parasitic Infections DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100583*

of this component. Large number biological, environmental, and geographical factors are responsible for emergence of insecticide resistance in vectors. The two most common mechanisms by which vectors develop resistance to insecticides are metabolic and target site. In metabolic resistance, the three major enzymes involved are cytochrome P450 oxygenases, GSTs and esterases. The activity of these enzymes can be studied for different insecticides by standard biochemical tests. For target site resistance, the known or unknown mutations in *VGSC* and AChE genes can be studied by various techniques like PCR, RT-PCR and AFLP. To combat the emergence of insecticide resistance, various alternative strategies which involve the use of rotational insecticides, bioinsecticides and ITNs/LLINs are used. Yet many more strategies like extensive and regular surveillance of insecticide resistance, development of more sensitive techniques for the detection and area wise mapping of insecticide resistance of individual vectors may help to overcome the development of resistance in vectors.
