**8. Biological control of whitefly using EPF**

Entomopathogenic fungi or EPF are an important group of biological control agents that play a key role in the natural mortality of whitefly populations. They infect directly through the cuticle. *Beauveria bassiana* and *Metarhizium anisopliae* are some of the most commonly used microbial insecticides for the management of whitefly [77, 78]. In addition to these two microbials, *Aschersonia, Isaria (Paecilomyces)*, and *Lecanicillium (Verticillium)* are also used for the management of whitefly. Moreover, it has recently been reported that *Clonostachys rosea* has a pathogenic effect on the fourth instar nymphal and adult stages of the whitefly [79].

#### **9. Conclusion**

Modern agriculture is highly dependent on pesticide-based pest control and resistance development is inevitable. Therefore, resistance management strategies need to be adopted to maintain the efficacy of pesticides for successful pest management. For this, resistance diagnosis of whitefly populations needs to be done at regular intervals. Resistance is an evolutionary process. Hence, it needs to be managed wisely. The main reason for resistance development is over-reliance on pesticides. Therefore, pesticides should be used as a last resort and other nonchemical methods of pest management need to be emphasized. These will reduce the selection pressure on whitefly and thereby delay the resistance development.

*Insecticides - Impact and Benefits of Its Use for Humanity*
