**1. Introduction**

Insecticides (natural or synthetic) are used in agriculture to control pests, weeds, and diseases in plant species. Herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, nematicides, and others are examples of pesticides. Pesticides became an important tool for plant protection and crop yield enhancement during the agricultural development process. A pest infestation accounts for approximately 45% of annual food production: therefore, effective pest management through the use of a diverse range of pesticides is required to combat pests and increase crop production [1]. However, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, rapid growth in the global economy, including both the industrial and agricultural sectors, resulted in a steady increase in the production and use of agricultural-based chemicals, which frequently have disastrous effects on the environment. Inadequate use of pesticides and some other persistent organic pollutants in agricultural soils has wreaked havoc on future consequences. Due to their bioaccumulation properties and high toxicity, the persistent and ubiquitous nature of various agricultural-based pesticides and other organic pollutants has caused destruction to humanity. These pesticides are known to impair the functioning of living organisms' metabolic and reproductive systems [2]. Certain pesticides, such as DDT, aldrin, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, mirex, endrin, chlordane, and heptachlor, have negative effects on human health and the environment [3].

Currently, approximately 2 million tonnes of pesticides are used globally, with 47.5% being herbicides, 29.5% being insecticides, 17.5% being fungicides, and 5.5% being other pesticides [4]. China, the United States, Argentina, Thailand, Brazil, Italy, France, Canada, Japan, and India are the top 10 pesticide-consuming countries in the world. Furthermore, it is predicted that global pesticide usage will rise to 3.5 million tonnes by 2020 [5].

They include ovicides and larvicidal, which are used to kill insect eggs and larvae. Insecticides are used extensively in agriculture, medicine, and industry, and by consumers. Insecticides are credited with significantly increasing agricultural productivity in the twentieth century [6]. Almost all insecticides have the potential to drastically change ecosystems; many are harmful to humans and also to animals and some become focused as they move up the food chain.
