**1. Introduction**

The ketogenic diet is a 60% high-fat, 30% adequate-protein, and 10% lowcarbohydrate diet used to treat aging-related diseases in the community older groups. The ketogenic diet interventions are a specialized diet that involves a highly restricted intake of carbohydrates and proteins and a high proportion of fat consumption in community older groups [1]. It has proven to be used in the treatment of older-related diseases in community groups because the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet interventions causes changes in the levels of ketone bodies with exercise training interventions in the body, reducing the aging-related diseases [2, 3]. The purpose of this chapter review was to systematically review the systemic effects of ketogenic diet restriction when combined with walking exercise intervention in community older groups. Thus, in this chapter review, we want to discuss combining ketogenic diet interventions and walking exercise interventions in community older groups. The ketogenic diets very high in fat can promote ketogenesis differently depending on other different macronutrient ratios [4]. The ketogenic diets intervention for weight loss in older humans may be counterproductive to obesity, however, which is not typically associated with

NAFLD/NASH [5, 6]. Acetoacetate, acetone, and β-hydroxybutyrate are the three ketone bodies produced in community older groups. It is also important to eat healthy ketogenic diet interventions and exercise interventions regularly as well as a check-in with your healthcare provider [7]. After a short-time walking exercise, make appropriate adjustments based on your own feelings, such as frailty and sleepiness [8]. However, the benefits of walking exercise regimens improve the immune system, helps digestion, promote the release of muscle hormones, and when they enter the body to eliminate inflammation, reduce visceral fat, reduce inflammation, helps improve brain-derived neurotrophic factor substances, mitochondrial cells work normally, and help longevity [9]. The precise regimen of action of the combined ketogenic diet interventions and walking exercise interventions in community older groups is not known, although many possible interventions explanations have been proposed. There are many changes that occur in the body as a result of the ketogenic diet, but it is unclear which of these alterations is responsible for the walking exercise interventions effects. This is expected, however, as the mechanism of action of the combined ketogenic diet and walking exercise interventions in community older groups is similarly a mystery [10]. Sarcopenia and frailty are prevalent in the community of older aging-related diseases [11]. Sarcopenia is because of the presence of loss of muscle mass with low muscle strength and low physical function in the community older groups (**Figure 1**). What is sarcopenia? And what causes sarcopenia?

Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of both coordination of muscle mass and strength, which causes difficulty walking and poor daily activities balance. Sarcopenia is a major aging-related disease with a health condition for contributes to public health and sociate. Aging-related skeletal muscle sarcopenia can lead to disability and lack of independence, as well as increase the risk of falls. Skeletal muscle strength loss led to lower muscle function (**Figure 1A**), and skeletal muscle structure disruption, in addition to a loss of muscle mass because of an increase in fat tissue skeletal muscle strength evaluated appendicular muscle mass was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (**Figure 1B**). Aging disrupts skeletal muscle ability to lose maintain muscles. With aging, a lot of signals are sent from the brain to the muscle leading to a loss in mass and strong (**Figure 2A**). Frailty is a body system impairment associated with increased oxygen stressor. The walking exercise interventions regimens are to stave off frailty transitions over time among

#### **Figure 1.**

*Sarcopenia is a muscle-wasting condition disease. (A) Skeletal muscle strength loss is related to aging. (B). Skeletal muscle structure disruption is associated with aging.*

*Combined Ketogenic Diet and Walking Exercise Interventions in Community Older Frailty… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101579*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Combined ketogenic diet and exercise interventions in community older groups. (A) The foods of the ketogenic diet we eat can support or hinder older health. The different intensity exercise interventions combined with the ketogenic diet have different effects on the older man's health. (B) Obese sarcopenia can contribute to obesityinduced muscle loss. Aging-related sarcopenia contributes to age-induced muscle loss.*

the elderly populations [12]. Both sarcopenia and frailty are detrimental outcomes in older adults to processes exacerbated by acute illness or injury. Multiple weight cycles in the community older groups are a predictor of lower muscle mass and reduced strength with potential for sarcopenia in elderly with obesity (**Figure 2B**). Severe obesity overweight cyclers with lower muscle mass and strength showed a greater risk of developing sarcopenia. Pro-inflammation is a hallmark of aging. Aging-associated obesity is adipose tissue and skeletal muscle inflammation associated with skeletal muscle loss and impaired myogenesis [13]. Combined ketogenic diet interventions and walking exercise interventions are shown to decline infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages in skeletal muscle sarcopenia in obesity and being associated with muscle insulin resistance in the community human older groups.
