**4.1 Nursery management technology**

A nursery is a place or an establishment where seedlings of crop plants particularly vegetables and fruit trees are raised before transplanting onto the main or permanent field [32]. Nurseries are essential in vegetable production because most of the vegetable crops cannot be directly seeded in the open field. This is because most vegetable crops require special attention during their early growth which cannot be guaranteed in the open field [33]. Secondly, most vegetable crops in nature have very small seeds that make direct seeding in the field impractical. Due to the above reasons, nurseries are set up to provide favorable environmental conditions for germination and seedling growth. Additionally, nurseries offer the opportunity to provide better care for the seedlings during their early growth [34].
