**2. Genome editing**

It is a collection of sophisticated molecular biology techniques that enable the accurate, efficient, and targeted modification of particular nucleotide sequences [8–10]. Researchers employ this technology to better understand the genome's function and develop crops resistant to insects, have higher nutritional value, and thrive in dry regions. The application of genome editing methods based on sitespecific nucleases (SSNs) has proven extensive gene editing across flora and fauna species during the last generation. SSNs work by assembling endonucleases capable of cleaving DNA inside a specific region in the genome. The active domain of SSN is connected to it via a DNA-binding region or an RNA sequence [11–13]. These SSNs are responsible for causing double-stranded breaks (DSBs) in the target DNA. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed recombination (HDR) methods are used to repair DSBs, which result in insertion/deletion (INDELS) and replacement mutations in the host locus [14, 15]. Following SSN breakage of the target sequence, cellular DNA repair processes result in gene expression changes at the target sites.

