**9. Current medical education, ethical and legal issues**

During the course of their study, medical students become aware of a wide array of ethical and legal issues which present learning opportunities on how to manage once they become licensed practitioners. In the literature, authors report that medical schools and residency programs expose medical students to common ethical issues that they may encounter in their future professional life [42]. However, schools and programs do not prepare graduates to adequately understand and deal with the legal or regulatory aspects of medical practice [43]. Some of the challenging, complex, and multidimensional ethical and legal issues in medical practice are how to understand and deal with insurance companies' modes of action, malpractice, patient safety, organ transplant, prescribing controlled substances, and licensure [43, 44]. Some authors have concluded that the current state of medical

education does not prepare graduates to tactfully tackle ethical and legal issues that are prevalent in current medical practice and need to include courses that explore these issues in more details [45, 46].
