**9. Photometry of filters**


Color values and color difference measurements can be expressed in the following ways:

Newer benchtop instruments are also smaller, more automated, and less expensive than their forerunners. A new generation of entry-level benchtops has prices that are equivalent to portable computers. Software tools for color formulation and quality control have also made significant progress. Windows is used in the most, if not all, of the new debuts. They enable for customized display screen configurations and present electronically generated simulations of color standards and sample formulations in a variety of lighting conditions. Spreadsheet functionality, e-mail data transfer, and data transfer to and from portable spectrophotometers are among the other new features that make data manipulation easier [11].
